There are no unavoidable energy consumption requirements per step in a computer. Related analysis has provided insights into the measurement process and the communications channel, and has prompted speculations about the nature of physical laws.
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People gather, copy, and distribute information all the time. But in the quantum world, the laws of physics impose a severe restriction on copying: It is impossible to make a perfect copy of an unknown state.
Bottom-up synthesis of such molecules provides physicists with a rich playground to study newly discovered quantum effects and a means to store information at the scale of individual atoms.
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