Knowledge transmission in medieval Spain

Lawrence-Mathers replies: José Vaquero is correct that the processes by which scientific knowledge was transferred in Christian kingdoms like those of León and Castile were unusually open and positive. The contrast with, for instance, the attitudes of the Norman conquerors toward Anglo-Saxon culture in England is striking. My sentence was simply intended to recognize that those kingdoms would not have existed and lasted without the military side of what has been termed the Reconquest.