National Geographic: Pangea was not the only supercontinent in Earth’s past. Rodinia, its predecessor, contained most of Earth’s landmasses from about 1.1 billion to 750 million years ago. Staci Loewy of California State University, Bakersfield, and colleagues collected rocks from the North American Mid-continental Rift System, an ancient volcanic zone that runs from Canada to Texas, and compared them with rocks collected from mountains on the coast of the Weddell Sea in East Antarctica. Rocks from both sites match in age and lead isotope ratios, which shows that they erupted from the same rift zone—the two landmasses were connected at one time.
The finding that the Saturnian moon may host layers of icy slush instead of a global ocean could change how planetary scientists think about other icy moons as well.
Modeling the shapes of tree branches, neurons, and blood vessels is a thorny problem, but researchers have just discovered that much of the math has already been done.
January 29, 2026 12:52 PM
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