Nature: Bulgaria and Romania became democracies in 1990 and joined the European Union in 2007. Now, despite those similarities, the two countries’ scientific research establishments are on diverging trajectories. As Nature‘s Alison Abbott reports, Romania responded to the global recession by trimming its 2011 science budget by 3%. Bulgaria, however, cut its 2011 budget by 38%. Moreover, whereas both countries quickly reformed their Soviet-style science establishments, Bulgaria is set to undo those reforms and restore greater government control over the country’s scientists and their funding sources.