New Scientist: The order of the elements listed in the periodic table is dependent on the number of protons in the nucleus. However, each element has a variety of isotopes with varying numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, so each isotope has a slightly different mass. What’s more, the relative concentrations of each isotope can vary in different locations and environments. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines the standard atomic weight of the elements as listed on the periodic table based on the weighted mean of the stable isotopes of each element. Two years ago the IUPAC began listing a range of weights instead of a single value for elements that have varying concentrations depending on location and environment. And with the new change it is now listing both bromine and magnesium with ranges. Updates were also made to the weights of germanium, indium, and mercury.
The finding that the Saturnian moon may host layers of icy slush instead of a global ocean could change how planetary scientists think about other icy moons as well.
Modeling the shapes of tree branches, neurons, and blood vessels is a thorny problem, but researchers have just discovered that much of the math has already been done.
January 29, 2026 12:52 PM
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