Nature: The cosmic microwave background, as mapped by NASA’s Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, contains weak temperature anomalies that appear as concentric circles. According to Vahe Gurzadyan of Yerevan Physics Institute and Roger Penrose of Oxford University, the circles are ripples left by black holes that collided before the Big Bang. Three other teams disagree, arguing that the circles have less exotic, postBig Bang explanations. Nature‘s Edwin Cartlidge reports on the controversy.