Discover
/
Article

Unitary field theories

MAR 01, 1979
Much of Einstein’s life was devoted to searching for a theory that incorporates gravity and other fields into a generalized geometrical structure derived from the general theory of relativity.
Peter G. Bergmann

The spirit that motivated Galileo, Newton, Einstein and Bohr to strive to understand nature by tracing unifying principles that underlie the diversity of physical phenomena is the motivating force behind unitary field theories. In its earlier stages, in the absence of physical facts that could have given it direction, the quest for unitary field theories was stimulated primarily by geometric notions. In recent years quantum physics and elementary‐particle theory have suggested new directions, some of which may be successful. Before we discuss these recent developments, let us review some of the background.

This article is only available in PDF format

References

  1. 1. H. Minkowski “Space and Time,” Address delivered at the 80th Assembly of Natural Scientists and Physicians, Köln, 1908.
    Reprinted in A. Einstein, H. A. Lorentz, H. Weyl, H. Minkowski, The Principle of Relativity, Dover, New York (1952).

  2. 2. A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 49, 716 (1916); also reprinted in the Dover book, reference 1.https://doi.org/ANPYA2

  3. 3. C. N. Yang, R. L. Mills, Phys. Rev. 96, 191 (1954).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  4. 4. H. Weyl, Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Sitzungsber. 1918, page 465;
    Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 59, 101 (1919).https://doi.org/ANPYA2

  5. 5. Th. Kaluza, Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Sitzungsber. 1921, page 966.

  6. 6. C. H. Brans, R. H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 124, 925 (1961). https://doi.org/PHRVAO
    The same geometry has also been investigated earlier by A. Einstein and P. G. Bergmann, P. Jordan, and Y. R. Thiry.

  7. 7. A. Einstein, P. Bergmann, Ann. Math. 39, 683 (1938); https://doi.org/ANMAAH
    A. Einstein, V. Bargmann, P. Bergmann, Theodore von Kármán Anniversary Volume, Cal. Tech., Pasadena (1941) page 212.

  8. 8. J. Wess, B. Zumino, Nucl. Phys. B 70, 39 (1974). Since that time there has been a large number of papers on supersymmetry.https://doi.org/NUPBBO

  9. 9. R. Arnowitt, P. Nath, B. Zumino, Phys. Lett. 56B, 81 (1975);
    P. Nath, R. Arnowitt, Phys. Lett. 56B, 177 (1975);
    D. Z. Fredman, P. van Nieuwenhuizen, S. Ferrara, Phys. Rev. D13, 3214 (1976); https://doi.org/PRVDAQ
    S. Deser, B. Zumino, Phys. Lett. B62, 335 (1976). Again, this is but a selection of early papers on the subject.

More about the authors

Peter G. Bergmann, Syracuse University.

Related content
/
Article
A half century after the discovery of Hawking radiation, we are still dealing with the quantum puzzle it exposed.
/
Article
Since the discovery was first reported in 1999, researchers have uncovered many aspects of the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
/
Article
Metrologists are using fundamental physics to define units of measure. Now NIST has developed new quantum sensors to measure and realize the pascal.
/
Article
Nanoscale, topologically protected whirlpools of spins have the potential to move from applications in spintronics into quantum science.
This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1979_03.jpeg

Volume 32, Number 3

Get PT newsletters in your inbox

pt_newsletter_card_blue.png
PT The Week in Physics

A collection of PT's content from the previous week delivered every Monday.

pt_newsletter_card_darkblue.png
PT New Issue Alert

Be notified about the new issue with links to highlights and the full TOC.

pt_newsletter_card_pink.png
PT Webinars & White Papers

The latest webinars, white papers and other informational resources.

By signing up you agree to allow AIP to send you email newsletters. You further agree to our privacy policy and terms of service.