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Article

Unitary field theories

MAR 01, 1979
Much of Einstein’s life was devoted to searching for a theory that incorporates gravity and other fields into a generalized geometrical structure derived from the general theory of relativity.
Peter G. Bergmann

The spirit that motivated Galileo, Newton, Einstein and Bohr to strive to understand nature by tracing unifying principles that underlie the diversity of physical phenomena is the motivating force behind unitary field theories. In its earlier stages, in the absence of physical facts that could have given it direction, the quest for unitary field theories was stimulated primarily by geometric notions. In recent years quantum physics and elementary‐particle theory have suggested new directions, some of which may be successful. Before we discuss these recent developments, let us review some of the background.

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References

  1. 1. H. Minkowski “Space and Time,” Address delivered at the 80th Assembly of Natural Scientists and Physicians, Köln, 1908.
    Reprinted in A. Einstein, H. A. Lorentz, H. Weyl, H. Minkowski, The Principle of Relativity, Dover, New York (1952).

  2. 2. A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 49, 716 (1916); also reprinted in the Dover book, reference 1.https://doi.org/ANPYA2

  3. 3. C. N. Yang, R. L. Mills, Phys. Rev. 96, 191 (1954).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  4. 4. H. Weyl, Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Sitzungsber. 1918, page 465;
    Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 59, 101 (1919).https://doi.org/ANPYA2

  5. 5. Th. Kaluza, Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Sitzungsber. 1921, page 966.

  6. 6. C. H. Brans, R. H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 124, 925 (1961). https://doi.org/PHRVAO
    The same geometry has also been investigated earlier by A. Einstein and P. G. Bergmann, P. Jordan, and Y. R. Thiry.

  7. 7. A. Einstein, P. Bergmann, Ann. Math. 39, 683 (1938); https://doi.org/ANMAAH
    A. Einstein, V. Bargmann, P. Bergmann, Theodore von Kármán Anniversary Volume, Cal. Tech., Pasadena (1941) page 212.

  8. 8. J. Wess, B. Zumino, Nucl. Phys. B 70, 39 (1974). Since that time there has been a large number of papers on supersymmetry.https://doi.org/NUPBBO

  9. 9. R. Arnowitt, P. Nath, B. Zumino, Phys. Lett. 56B, 81 (1975);
    P. Nath, R. Arnowitt, Phys. Lett. 56B, 177 (1975);
    D. Z. Fredman, P. van Nieuwenhuizen, S. Ferrara, Phys. Rev. D13, 3214 (1976); https://doi.org/PRVDAQ
    S. Deser, B. Zumino, Phys. Lett. B62, 335 (1976). Again, this is but a selection of early papers on the subject.

More about the authors

Peter G. Bergmann, Syracuse University.

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Volume 32, Number 3

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