Recent experiments at Berkeley have made it possible to clarify the complex history of the discovery of element 102. It is proposed that the old name, “nobelium,” be accepted.
SYNTHESIS AND IDENTIFICATION of chemical elements with atomic numbers greater than 100 (fermium) have been accomplished with extremely small amounts, literally on a one‐atom‐at‐a‐time basis. At the present time these elements can only be formed with accelerated ions, ranging from neon to helium, that bombard targets from uranium to einsteinium. Because of their minuscule transmutation cross sections, such experiments are extremely difficult to perform, and often the results are subject to error and uncertainty of interpretation.
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With strong magnetic fields and intense lasers or pulsed electric currents, physicists can reconstruct the conditions inside astrophysical objects and create nuclear-fusion reactors.
A crude device for quantification shows how diverse aspects of distantly related organisms reflect the interplay of the same underlying physical factors.