Discover
/
Article

The past and future of American astronomy

DEC 01, 1974
Seventy‐five years ago, astronomy was full of promise and confusion, with new instruments, ingenious ideas, “paradoxers,” polemics—sometimes modern, but often sparse in physics.
Carl Sagan

The world has changed since 1899, but there are few fields that have changed more—in the development of fundamental insights and in the discovery of new phenomena—than astronomy. When we glance at the titles (see the box below) of some of the recent papers published, for example, in the Astrophysical Journal and Icarus, we can only conclude that our astronomical ancestors would have extracted a glimmer of meaning from them, but that the principal reaction would have been incredulity.

This article is only available in PDF format

References

  1. 1. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 12, 109 (1900).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  2. 2. Astrophys. J. 6, 149 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  3. 3. Observatory 20, 398 (1898).https://doi.org/OBSEAR

  4. 4. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 11, 167 (1899).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  5. 5. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 11, 209 (1899).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  6. 6. For example, Observatory 20, 296, 299 (1898).https://doi.org/OBSEAR

  7. 7. For example, for the year 1898, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 11, 78 (1899).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  8. 8. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 12, 136 (1900).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  9. 9. S. Newcomb, Astrophys. J. 6, 295 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  10. 10. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 11, 167 (1899).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  11. 11. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 12, 169 (1900).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  12. 12. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 11, 267 (1899).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  13. 13. Astrophys. J. 9, 272 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  14. 14. Observatory 20, 220 (1898).https://doi.org/OBSEAR

  15. 15. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 59, 226 (1899).https://doi.org/MNRAA4

  16. 16. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 12, 208 (1900).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  17. 17. E. E. Barnard, Astrophys. J. 9, 157 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  18. 18. H. K. Palmer, Astrophys. J. 10, 246 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  19. 19. R. Ball, Observatory 20, 152 (1898).https://doi.org/OBSEAR

  20. 20. Observatory 20, 116 (1898).https://doi.org/OBSEAR

  21. 21. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 11, 57 (1899).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  22. 22. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 11, 61 (1899).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  23. 23. W. R. Brooks, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 59, 92 (1898).https://doi.org/MNRAA4

  24. 24. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 12, 46 (1900).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  25. 25. Nature, 18 February 1897.

  26. 26. Observatory 20, 145 (1898).https://doi.org/OBSEAR

  27. 27. W. Huggins, M. Huggins, Astrophys. J. 6, 77 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  28. 28. Compare with Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 12, 249 (1900).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  29. 29. W. H. S. Monck, Astrophys. J. 8, 28 (1898).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  30. 30. Astrophys. J. 10, 308, 315 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  31. 31. A. Ritter, Astrophys. J. 8, 293 (1898).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  32. 32. F. Paschen, Astrophys. J. 6, 62 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  33. 33. W. E. Wilson, Astrophys. J. 10, 80 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  34. 34. Astrophys. J. 9, 268 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  35. 35. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 11, 18 (1899).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  36. 36. Astrophys. J. 10, 255 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  37. 37. J. E. Keeler, Astrophys. J. 9, 133 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  38. 38. For example, W. H. Wright, Astrophys. J. 9, 59 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  39. 39. W. W. Campbell, Astrophys. J. 9, 31 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  40. 40. E. F. Nichols, Astrophys. J. 9, 360 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  41. 41. H. Rubens, E. Aschkinass, Astrophys. J. 8, 176 (1898).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  42. 42. C. Scheiner, Astrophys. J. 9, 149 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  43. 43. C. Scheiner, Astrophys. J. 7, 295 (1898).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  44. 44. J. E. Keeler, Astrophys. J. 6, 285 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  45. 45. W. Huggins, Astrophys. J. 6, 55 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  46. 46. G. J. Stoney, Observatory 20, 90 (1898).https://doi.org/OBSEAR

  47. 47. W. E. Wilson, G. F. Fitzgerald, Astrophys. J. 5, 108 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  48. 48. J. Evershed, Astrophys. J. 5, 244 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  49. 49. E. B. Frost, Astrophys. J. 8, 121 (1898).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  50. 50. G. E. Hale, Astrophys. J. 5, 130 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  51. 51. G. E. Hale, Astrophys. J. 5, 160 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  52. 52. H. N. Russell, Astrophys. J. 9, 284 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  53. 53. Astrophys. J. 9, 274 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  54. 54. A. E. Douglass, Astron. Nachr. 143, 3432 (1897).https://doi.org/ASNAAN

  55. 55. L. Brenner, Observatory 20, 195 (1898).https://doi.org/OBSEAR

  56. 56. L. Brenner, Observatory 20, 282 (1898).https://doi.org/OBSEAR

  57. 57. E. Holden, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 12, 61 (1900).https://doi.org/PASPAU

  58. 58. H. Parkhurst, Astrophys. J. 8, 245 (1898).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  59. 59. Astrophys. J. 5, 51 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  60. 60. G. J. Stoney, Astrophys. J. 7, 25 (1898).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  61. 61. J. M. Bacon, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 59, 176 (1899).https://doi.org/MNRAA4

  62. 62. G. E. Hale, Astrophys. J. 9, 185 (1899).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  63. 63. J. Keeler, Astrophys. J. 6, 271 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  64. 64. S. Newcomb, Astrophys. J. 6, 289 (1897).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

More about the authors

Carl Sagan, Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University.

Related content
/
Article
The ability to communicate a key message clearly and concisely to a nonspecialized audience is a critical skill to develop at all educational levels.
/
Article
With strong magnetic fields and intense lasers or pulsed electric currents, physicists can reconstruct the conditions inside astrophysical objects and create nuclear-fusion reactors.
/
Article
A crude device for quantification shows how diverse aspects of distantly related organisms reflect the interplay of the same underlying physical factors.
/
Article
Events held around the world have recognized the past, present, and future of quantum science and technology.
This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1974_12.jpeg

Volume 27, Number 12

Get PT in your inbox

pt_newsletter_card_blue.png
PT The Week in Physics

A collection of PT's content from the previous week delivered every Monday.

pt_newsletter_card_darkblue.png
PT New Issue Alert

Be notified about the new issue with links to highlights and the full TOC.

pt_newsletter_card_pink.png
PT Webinars & White Papers

The latest webinars, white papers and other informational resources.

By signing up you agree to allow AIP to send you email newsletters. You further agree to our privacy policy and terms of service.