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Physics in the Great Depression

OCT 01, 1970
Hard times raised hard questions that were not answered in the 1930’s and remain on the agenda now.
Charles Weiner

In the spirit of the soul‐searching seventies, physicists are now uneasily questioning the pace of physics and its proper place in society. They view with foreboding the changes in slope of the funding and employment curves that, along with assessments of changes in public attitudes, are the major social indicators of the health of the physics community. The immediate impact and long‐range threat of reduced research funds, slackening employment opportunities and lower public esteem for physics are the apparent causes for concern. Threatened or imminent hard times are especially difficult to take on the heels of the high expectations that good times engender. This public statement by a distinguished physicist aptly characterizes the situation:

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References

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  3. 3. Lewis Papers, University of California, Berkeley.

  4. 4. Niels Bohr Library, AIP.

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  6. 6. P. Foote, Ref. 2, page 57.

  7. 7. Science 76, 94 and (1932).

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  10. 10. W. W. Campbell, Science 79, 391 (1934).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  11. 11. H. A. Barton, “Scientific Research in Need of Funds,” Literary Digest 119, 18 (1935).

  12. 12. New York Herald Tribune, 12 Sept. 1933.

  13. 13. The New York Times, 25 June 1933.

  14. 14. The New York Times, 11 March 1934.

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  21. 21. The New York Times, 24 Feb. 1934.

  22. 22. K. T. Compton, The Technology Review 37, 133, 152 (1935).

  23. 23. A. H. Dupree, Science in the Federal Government: A History of Policies and Activities to 1940, Harvard U.P., Cambridge (1957) page 350.

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  25. 25. Physics in Industry, AIP, New York (1937).

  26. 26. National Research Council publications and Dissertations in Physics (M. L. Marckworth, ed.), Stanford (1961).

  27. 27. C. Weiner, “A New Site for the Seminar: The Refugees and American Physics in the Thirties,” in Intellectual Migration (D. Fleming and B. Bailyn, eds.), Harvard U.P., Cambridge, Mass. (1969), page 190.

  28. 28. “Physicists in National Defense,” mimeographed report, April 1942, Niels Bohr Library, AIP.

  29. 29. V. Bush, Science the Endless Frontier, Washington, D.C. (1945), page 86.
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More about the authors

Charles Weiner, AIP Physics History Division.

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Volume 23, Number 10

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