Discover
/
Article

Electron microscopy of atoms in crystals

MAR 01, 1977
Now we can see atoms in crystals directly by electron microscopy, allowing us to determine structures of both ordered and disordered solids and to study the way atoms cluster around crystal defects.
John M. Cowley
Sumio Iijima

From its beginnings the field of electron microscopy has sought, as its ultimate aim, the ability to study the structure of matter by imaging the individual atoms that compose it. The resolution necessary to attain this goal is obtainable in principle, because the electron wavelengths of the beams normally used are less than 0.1 Å, What has kept this goal from realization are practical difficulties in the design and construction of electron microscopes. These difficulties have now been overcome to the extent that resolutions of 2–3 Å, close to the interatomic distances in some solids, have been achieved.

This article is only available in PDF format

References

  1. 1. A. V. Crewe, J. Wall, J. P. Langmore, Science 168, 1138 (1970).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  2. 2. N. Uyeda, T. Kobayashi, E. Suito, Y. Harada, M. Watanabe, J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5181 (1972).https://doi.org/JAPIAU

  3. 3. J. G. Allpress, J. V. Sanders, J. Appl. Cryst. 6, 105 (1973).https://doi.org/JACGAR

  4. 4. S. Iijima, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 5891 (1971).https://doi.org/JAPIAU

  5. 5. J. M. Cowley, Annual Rev. Materials Sci. 6, 53 (1976).https://doi.org/ARMSCX

  6. 6. J. M. Cowley, S. Iijima, in Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy (H.‐R. Wenk, ed.), Springer, Berlin (1976), page 123.

  7. 7. J. M. Cowley, A. F. Moodie, Acta Cryst. 10, 609 (1957); https://doi.org/ACCRA9
    J. M. Cowley, Diffraction Physics, North‐Holland, Amsterdam (1975).

  8. 8. P. Goodman, A. F. Moodie, Acta Cryst. A 30, 280 (1974).https://doi.org/ACACBN

  9. 9. A. J. Skarnulis, S. Iijima, J. M. Cowley, Acta Cryst. A 32, 799 (1976).https://doi.org/ACACBN

  10. 10. S. Iijima in Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscope Society of America (G. W. Bailey, ed.), Claitor’s Publ. Div., Baton Rouge, La. (1976).

More about the authors

John M. Cowley, Arizona State University, Tempe.

Sumio Iijima, Arizona State University, Tempe.

Related content
/
Article
A half century after the discovery of Hawking radiation, we are still dealing with the quantum puzzle it exposed.
/
Article
Since the discovery was first reported in 1999, researchers have uncovered many aspects of the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
/
Article
Metrologists are using fundamental physics to define units of measure. Now NIST has developed new quantum sensors to measure and realize the pascal.
/
Article
Nanoscale, topologically protected whirlpools of spins have the potential to move from applications in spintronics into quantum science.
This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1977_03.jpeg

Volume 30, Number 3

Get PT newsletters in your inbox

pt_newsletter_card_blue.png
PT The Week in Physics

A collection of PT's content from the previous week delivered every Monday.

pt_newsletter_card_darkblue.png
PT New Issue Alert

Be notified about the new issue with links to highlights and the full TOC.

pt_newsletter_card_pink.png
PT Webinars & White Papers

The latest webinars, white papers and other informational resources.

By signing up you agree to allow AIP to send you email newsletters. You further agree to our privacy policy and terms of service.