National Geographic: An analysis of summertime storm activity in the eastern US from 1995 to 2009 revealed that the occurrence of tornadoes and hailstorms peaked in the middle of the week, when human-made summertime air pollution also peaked. Pollution can help breed storms because moisture gathers around specks of pollutants, which leads to more cloud droplets, which get lofted to higher, colder air, where they’re more likely to produce hail. The process by which pollution can increase the number of tornadoes is more complex. The large icy hail particles seeded by pollutants have less surface area than an equal mass of smaller particles of condensed water or ice, and they evaporate more slowly and are less likely to suck heat from the air. It then becomes easier for warm air to help form a supercell, the storm type that usually produces tornadoes and large hail.
The finding that the Saturnian moon may host layers of icy slush instead of a global ocean could change how planetary scientists think about other icy moons as well.
Modeling the shapes of tree branches, neurons, and blood vessels is a thorny problem, but researchers have just discovered that much of the math has already been done.
January 29, 2026 12:52 PM
Get PT in your inbox
PT The Week in Physics
A collection of PT's content from the previous week delivered every Monday.
One email per week
PT New Issue Alert
Be notified about the new issue with links to highlights and the full TOC.
One email per month
PT Webinars & White Papers
The latest webinars, white papers and other informational resources.