Smog reduced for Beijing Olympics

In an effort to reduce the pervasive smog in Beijing (see photo), Chinese authorities imposed measures to restrict traffic and close factories around the city during the 2008 Olympics. Were those efforts successful in reducing total atmospheric aerosol? Climate scientists Jan Cermak and Reto Knutti at ETH Zürich in Switzerland attempted to find out. They began by comparing absolute values of aerosol optical thickness—transmittance measurements from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite—for the years 2002–08. They found that within a 150-km radius of Beijing, the average 2008 AOT value was more than 14% lower than the previous years. But what would it have been without the mandated emissions reductions? To answer that question, the researchers used a neural network approach: With data from the preceding six summers, they trained a model to predict AOT as a function of relative humidity, wind velocity, and precipitation. The model then predicted that within a 500-km radius of the city, AOTs in 2008 would have been 10%–14% higher than the actual observed values; the model was less accurate when larger regions were analyzed. Although the magnitude of the reductions was lower than expected, the emissions restrictions did have a statistically significant local impact. (J. Cermak, R. Knutti, Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 , L10806, 2009 . Photo by Michael Silverman, 6 August 2006.)