Nature: By recording distant earthquakes, seismologists George Helffrich of Bristol University and Satoshi Kaneshima of Kyushu University have deduced the presence of a solid layer of sulfur, oxygen, and other light elements that sits between Earth’s solid inner core of iron and its liquid outer core of iron. If the light elements were once distributed throughout the inner core, their upward passage as the core solidified could have provided the impetus needed to start Earth’s magnetic dynamo. That idea, as Nature‘s Geoff Brumfiel reports, awaits confirmation.
The finding that the Saturnian moon may host layers of icy slush instead of a global ocean could change how planetary scientists think about other icy moons as well.
Modeling the shapes of tree branches, neurons, and blood vessels is a thorny problem, but researchers have just discovered that much of the math has already been done.
January 29, 2026 12:52 PM
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