BBC: Mars grew to its present size in about three million years, which may explain why it is about one-tenth the mass of Earth, writes Jennifer Carpenter for the BBC. It probably stayed relatively small because it avoided colliding with planetary building material during the development of our solar system. Nicholas Dauphas of the University of Chicago and Ali Pourmand of the University of Miami in Florida used the ratio of the radioactive elements hafnium-176 and hafnium-177 to estimate how long it took Mars to form: between two million and three million years—a short time compared with the tens of millions of years it took Earth to reach its current size. They think that Mars was already at its current size before dissipation of the nebular gas, when Earth was just beginning to form.
The finding that the Saturnian moon may host layers of icy slush instead of a global ocean could change how planetary scientists think about other icy moons as well.
Modeling the shapes of tree branches, neurons, and blood vessels is a thorny problem, but researchers have just discovered that much of the math has already been done.
January 29, 2026 12:52 PM
Get PT in your inbox
PT The Week in Physics
A collection of PT's content from the previous week delivered every Monday.
One email per week
PT New Issue Alert
Be notified about the new issue with links to highlights and the full TOC.
One email per month
PT Webinars & White Papers
The latest webinars, white papers and other informational resources.