Los Angeles Times: NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory was started 75 years ago by a group of Caltech students who were assistants of Theodore von Kármán, a pioneer in aeronautical engineering and fluid dynamics. Dubbed the Suicide Squad, Ed Forman, H. S. Tsien, Frank Malina, Jack Parsons, Rudolph Schott, and A. M. O. Smith at first tested their homemade rockets on campus. But because of the loud and potentially dangerous explosions, they were forced to move their experiments away from Caltech to a dry creek bed, the Arroyo Seco. During World War II, working out of tarpaper shacks, the group developed rockets that were strapped to US Army aircraft to boost takeoff. Squad member Malina went on to become JPL’s director.
The finding that the Saturnian moon may host layers of icy slush instead of a global ocean could change how planetary scientists think about other icy moons as well.
Modeling the shapes of tree branches, neurons, and blood vessels is a thorny problem, but researchers have just discovered that much of the math has already been done.
January 29, 2026 12:52 PM
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