The Verge: When Hurricane Matthew first became a tropical storm on 28 September, it was not expected to become a major hurricane. However, it quickly turned into one, and by the time it hit several Caribbean islands, it had become a category 4 storm, the second-highest hurricane classification category. Hurricanes in the Atlantic are driven by warm winds traveling west from Africa and passing over warm ocean. The air lifts water vapor into the atmosphere, which lowers air pressure and creates more winds that feed into the cycle until a large storm gathers. Hurricane Matthew formed in an area where high-altitude winds were expected to prevent the storm from exceeding a category 3. Also, the storm did not lose as much energy as expected as it passed over islands in the Caribbean, which is why it remained a category 4 storm as it approached the US coast yesterday.
Modeling the shapes of tree branches, neurons, and blood vessels is a thorny problem, but researchers have just discovered that much of the math has already been done.