New Scientist: Earth is perpetually bombarded by cosmic rays—a mix of gamma rays, protons, neutrinos, and other high-energy particles. The sources of the particles are hard to identify because electrically charged cosmic rays are affected by Earth’s magnetic field and neutrinos only rarely interact with other matter. However, a possible connection has been found thanks to an explosion that occurred near the center of the Milky Way. On 9 February 2012, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory detected an explosion of x rays from near where a supermassive black hole is believed to exist at the center of the galaxy. Three hours later, the IceCube neutrino detector in Antarctica detected some of the highest-energy neutrinos ever seen that also appeared to originate from the center of the Milky Way. The time difference suggests that the x-ray emitting particles and the neutrinos were accelerated by the same, as-yet-unknown phenomenon. Even if the accelerator is identified, there are likely several other sources of both cosmic rays and neutrinos, both inside and outside the Milky Way.
The finding that the Saturnian moon may host layers of icy slush instead of a global ocean could change how planetary scientists think about other icy moons as well.
Modeling the shapes of tree branches, neurons, and blood vessels is a thorny problem, but researchers have just discovered that much of the math has already been done.
January 29, 2026 12:52 PM
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