Various: A 180-km-diameter crater in Mexico called Chicxulub was formed by an object 10 km across that caused a 100-million-megaton explosion when it hit Earth. Until now, that event had generally been believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.A bigger crater, named Shiva, which was found by Sankar Chatterjee of Texas Tech University, is 500 km across. The explosion that caused it may have been 100 times the size of the one that created Chicxulub.
Above is an image that shows a three-dimensional reconstruction of the submerged Shiva crater at the Mumbai Offshore Basin—part of the western shelf of India—from different cross-sectional and geophysical data. The overlying strata and water were removed to show the morphology of the crater (credit: Sankar Chatterjee, Texas Tech University).
Chatterjee presented his latest findings on Shiva to the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Portland, Oregon, on 18 October.The late era of the dinosaurs was a period in which volcanic activity was frequent and common, yet the dinosaurs were thriving until the two objects hit Earth.According to the Economist:
The picture that is emerging, then, is of a strange set of coincidences. First, two of the biggest impacts in history happened within 300,000 years of each otherâmdash;a geological eyeblink. Second, they coincided with one of the largest periods of vulcanicity in the past billion years. Third, one of them just happened to strike where these volcanoes were active. Or, to put it another way, what really killed the dinosaurs was a string of the most atrocious bad luck.
The finding that the Saturnian moon may host layers of icy slush instead of a global ocean could change how planetary scientists think about other icy moons as well.
Modeling the shapes of tree branches, neurons, and blood vessels is a thorny problem, but researchers have just discovered that much of the math has already been done.
January 29, 2026 12:52 PM
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