Discover
/
Article

Stretch Genes

FEB 01, 1997
By unraveling individual DNA molecules under the microscope physicistsare learing about the elastic properties that are important to DNA’s function.
Robert H. Austin
James P. Brody
Edward C. Cox
Thomas Duke
Wayne Volkmuth

Polymers—macromolecules composed of many small molecules—are vital to life. For example, proteins provide the cell with structure and carry out its mechanical and enzymatic work. Fatty acids store energy in their bonds, and lipids form the membranes that seal off the cell’s aqueous interior from its aqueous exterior. Heredity lies in the very long polymeric strands of deoxyribonucleic acid—DNA.

This article is only available in PDF format

References

  1. 1. M. Doi, S. F. Edwards, The Theory of Polymer Dynamics, Oxford U.P., Oxford, England (1989). See this invaluable reference for many of the concepts discussed in this article.

  2. 2. C. Bustamante, J. F. Marko, E. D. Siggia, S. Smith, Science 265, 1599 (1994).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  3. 3. S. B. Smith, L. Finzi, C. Bustamante, Science 258, 1122 (1992).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  4. 4. P. Cluzel, A. Lebrun, C. Heller, R. Lavery, J.‐L. Viovy, D. Chatenay, F. Caron, Science 271, 792 (1996).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  5. 5. S. B. Smith, Y. Cui, C. Bustamante, Science 271, 795 (1996).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  6. 6. A. Bensimon, A. Simon, A. Chiffaudel, V. Croquette, F. Heslot, D. Bensimon, Science 265, 2096 (1994).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  7. 7. M. H. F. Wilkins, R. G. Gosling, W. E. Seeds, Nature 167, 759 (1951).https://doi.org/NATUAS

  8. 8. H. Yin, M. D. Wang, K. Svoboda, R. Landick, S. M. Block, J. Gelles, Science 270, 1653 (1996).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  9. 9. T. T. Perkins, D. E. Smith, R. G. Larson, S. Chu, Science 268, 83 (1995).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  10. 10. P.‐G. de Gennes, Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics, Cornell U.P., Ithaca, N.Y. (1979).

  11. 11. T. T. Perkins, D. E. Smith, S. Chu, Science 264, 819 (1994).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  12. 12. W. D. Volkmuth, R. H. Austin, Nature 358, 600 (1992). https://doi.org/NATUAS
    T. Duke, R. H. Austin, E. C. Cox, S. Chan, Electrophoresis 17, 1075 (1996).https://doi.org/ELCTDN

  13. 13. D. C. Schwartz, W. Saffran, J. Welsh, R. Hass, M. Goldenberg, C. R. Cantor, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 47, 189 (1983).https://doi.org/CSHSAZ

  14. 14. R. M. Zimmerman, E. C. Cox, Nucl. Acid. Res. 22, 492 (1994).

  15. 15. J. C. Poler, R. M. Zimmerman, E. C. Cox, Langmuir 11, 2689 (1995).https://doi.org/LANGD5

  16. 16. J. M. Schurr, S. B. Smith, Biopolymers 29, 1161 (1990).https://doi.org/BIPMAA

More about the authors

Robert H. Austin, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.

James P. Brody, University of Washington, Seattle.

Edward C. Cox, Princeton.

Thomas Duke, University of Cambridge, England.

Wayne Volkmuth, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

Related content
/
Article
A half century after the discovery of Hawking radiation, we are still dealing with the quantum puzzle it exposed.
/
Article
Since the discovery was first reported in 1999, researchers have uncovered many aspects of the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
/
Article
Metrologists are using fundamental physics to define units of measure. Now NIST has developed new quantum sensors to measure and realize the pascal.
/
Article
Nanoscale, topologically protected whirlpools of spins have the potential to move from applications in spintronics into quantum science.
This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1997_02.jpeg

Volume 50, Number 2

Get PT newsletters in your inbox

pt_newsletter_card_blue.png
PT The Week in Physics

A collection of PT's content from the previous week delivered every Monday.

pt_newsletter_card_darkblue.png
PT New Issue Alert

Be notified about the new issue with links to highlights and the full TOC.

pt_newsletter_card_pink.png
PT Webinars & White Papers

The latest webinars, white papers and other informational resources.

By signing up you agree to allow AIP to send you email newsletters. You further agree to our privacy policy and terms of service.