Discover
/
Article

Quantum Electron Devices

FEB 01, 1990
When semiconductor devices become small enough, inescapable quantum effects open a whole new range of possibilities for electronic manipulation.

DOI: 10.1063/1.881226

Federico Capasso
Supriyo Datta

Much of our understanding of electron transport in solids is based on the semiclassical picture that views electrons as particles obeying Newtonian mechanics in an external field and occasionally scattered by phonons and impurities. Quantum effects such as size quantization and tunneling, however, cannot be understood within this conceptual framework.

References

  1. 1. F. Capasso, ed., Physics of Quantum Electron Devices, Springer‐Verlag, New York (1990).

  2. 2. L. L. Chang, L. Esaki, R. Tsu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 24, 593 (1974). https://doi.org/APPLAB
    For a review, see F. Capasso, K. Mohammed, A. Y. Cho, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 22, 1853 (1986). https://doi.org/IEJQA7
    A lucid discussion of negative differential resitance in resonant‐tunneling double barriers is given by S. Luryi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 490 (1985).https://doi.org/APPLAB

  3. 3. A. D. Stone, P. A. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1196 (1985). https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    N. S. Wingreen, K. W. Jacobsen, J. W. Wilkins, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1396 (1988). https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    T. Weil, B. Vinter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1281 (1987).https://doi.org/APPLAB

  4. 4. T. P. E. Broekaert, W. Lee, C. G. Fonstadt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 1545 (1988).https://doi.org/APPLAB

  5. 5. S. Sen, F. Capasso, A. C. Gossard, R. A. Spah, A. L. Hutchinson, S. N. G. Chu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 1428 (1987).https://doi.org/APPLAB

  6. 6. A. Zaslavsky, V. J. Goldman, D. C. Tsui, J. E. Cunningham, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 1408 (1988). https://doi.org/APPLAB
    E. S. Alves, L. Eaves, M. Henini, O. H. Hughes, M. L. Leadbeater, F. W. Sheard, G. A. Toombs, Electron. Lett. 24, 1190 (1988).https://doi.org/ELLEAK

  7. 7. M. Tsuchiya, T. Matsusue, H. Sakaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2356 (1987).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  8. 8. T. C. L. G. Sollner, W. D. Goodhue, P. E. Tannenwald, C. D. Parker, D. D. Peck, Appl. Phys. Lett. 43, 588 (1983). https://doi.org/APPLAB
    E. R. Brown, T. C. L. G. Sollner, C. D. Parker, W. D. Goodhue, C. L. Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 1777 (1989).https://doi.org/APPLAB

  9. 9. J. F. Whittaker, G. A. Mourou, T. C. L. G. Sollner, W. D. Goodhue, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 385 (1989).https://doi.org/APPLAB

  10. 10. K. L. Lear, K. Voh, J. S. Harris Jr., Inst. Phys. Conf., Ser. No. 96, 593 (1989).

  11. 11. F. Capasso, R. A. Kiehl, J. Appl. Phys. 58, 1366 (1985); https://doi.org/JAPIAU
    For a recent review of resonant‐tunneling transistors and circuits, see F. Capasso, S. Sen, F. Beltram, L. Lunadri, A. Vengurlekar, P. R. Smith, N. J. Shah, R. Malik, A. Y. Cho, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 36, 2065 (1989).https://doi.org/IETDAI

  12. 12. N. Yokoyama, K. Imamura, S. Muto, S. Hiyamizu, H. Nishi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. L83, 24 (1985).
    A. R. Bonnefoi, D. H. Chow, T. C. Mcgill, Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 888 (1985). https://doi.org/APPLAB
    F. Beltram, F. Capasso, S. Luryi, S. G. Chu, A. Y. Cho, D. L. Sivco, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 219 (1988).https://doi.org/APPLAB

  13. 13. L. Esaki, R. Tsu, IBM J. Res. Dev. 14, 61 (1970). https://doi.org/IBMJAE
    G. Bernstein, D. K. Ferry, Z. Phys. B 67, 449 (1987). https://doi.org/ZPCMDN
    G. Dohler, R. Tsu, L. Esaki, Solid State Commun. 17, 317 (1975). https://doi.org/SSCOA4
    E. E. Mendez, F. Agullo‐Rueda, J. M. Hong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2426 (1989).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  14. 14. B. F. Levine, C. G. Bethea, G. Hasnain, J. Walker, R. J. Malik, Electron. Lett. 24, 747 (1988). https://doi.org/ELLEAK
    L. Esaki, H. Sakaki, IBM Tech. Disclosure Bull. 20, 2456 (1977).https://doi.org/IBMTAA

  15. 15. G. Timp, A. M. Chang, P. Mankiewich, R. Behringer, J. E. Cunningham, T. Y. Chang, R. E. Howard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 732 (1987). https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    M. L. Roukes, A. Scherer, S. J. Allen, H. G. Craighead, R. M. Ruthen, E. D. Beebe, J. P. Harbison, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 3011 (1987). https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    B. J. Van Wees, H. Van Houten, C. W. J. Beenakker, J. G. Williamson, L. P. Kouwenhoven, D. Van der Marel, C. T. Foxon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 848 (1988). https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    D. A. Wharam, T. J. Thornton, R. Newbury, M. Pepper, H. Ahmed, J. E. F. Frost, D. G. Hasko, D. C. Peacock, D. A. Ritchie, G. A. C. Jones, J. Phys. C 21, L209 (1988).https://doi.org/JPSOAW

  16. 16. A. B. Fowler, U S Patent 45503320 (1985).
    S. Datta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2344 (1985); https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    S. Datta et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 487 (1986).https://doi.org/APPLAB

  17. 17. S. Datta, in Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on Superlattices, Microstructures and Microdevices, Trieste 1988, published in Superlattices ad Microstruct. 6, 83 (1989). https://doi.org/SUMIEK
    D. C. Miller, R. K. Lake, S. Datta, M. S. Lundstrom, M. R. Melloch, R. Reifenberger, in Proc. Int. Symp. on Nanostructure Physics and Fabrication, W. P. Kirk, M. A. Reed, eds., Academic, San Diego (1989).
    F. Solo, M. Macucci, U. Ravaioli, K. Hess, Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 350 (1989).https://doi.org/APPLAB

More about the Authors

Federico Capasso. AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey.

Supriyo Datta. Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.

This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1990_02.jpeg

Volume 43, Number 2

Related content
/
Article
Bottom-up self-assembly is a powerful approach to engineering at small scales. Special strategies are needed to formulate components that assemble into predetermined shapes with precise sizes.
/
Article
The polymath scientist leaves behind a monumental legacy in both the scientific and political realms.
/
Article
Technical knowledge and skills are only some of the considerations that managers have when hiring physical scientists. Soft skills, in particular communication, are also high on the list.
/
Article
Professional societies can foster a sense of belonging and offer early-career scientists opportunities to give back to their community.

Get PT in your inbox

Physics Today - The Week in Physics

The Week in Physics" is likely a reference to the regular updates or summaries of new physics research, such as those found in publications like Physics Today from AIP Publishing or on news aggregators like Phys.org.

Physics Today - Table of Contents
Physics Today - Whitepapers & Webinars
By signing up you agree to allow AIP to send you email newsletters. You further agree to our privacy policy and terms of service.