Coherent Raman spectroscopy

MAY 01, 1977

Once exotic and time‐consuming, wave‐mixing spectroscopy has burgeoned into a set of techniques that can handle systems—flames, plasmas, luminescent crystals—inaccessible to conventional methods.

DOI: 10.1063/1.3037545

Marc D. Levenson

In 1928 Chandrasekhara Raman reported a process in which a material would simultaneously absorb one photon and emit another. The energies of the two photons differed by an amount corresponding to the energy difference between two quantum‐mechanical levels of the medium. Raman scattering, as the phenomenon came to be known, provided a tool for the spectroscopic investigation of energy levels not accessible by the usual absorption and emission techniques. For the first thirty‐five years Raman scattering was a laborious and exotic technique, important more for the quantum‐mechanical principles it illustrated than for its practical applications.

References

1. M. C. Tobin, Laser Raman Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York (1971);
T. R. Gilson, P. J. Hedra, Laser Raman Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York (1970).
2. C. Flytzanis, in Quantum Electronics, volume 1A (H. Rabin, C. Tang, eds.) Academic, New York (1975);
C. Flytzanis, N. Bloembergen, in Progress in Quantum Electronics (J. H. Sanders, S. Stenholm, eds.) volume 4, part 3, Pergamon, New York (1976).
3. P. D. Maker, R. W. Terhune, Phys. Rev. A 137, 801 (1965).https://doi.org/PRVAAH
4. R. F. Begley, A. B. Harvey, R. L. Byer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 387 (1975).https://doi.org/APPLAB
5. D. Heiman, R. W. Hellwarth, M. D. Levenson, G. Martin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 189 (1976).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
6. I. Chabay, G. K. Klauminger, B. S. Hudson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 28, 27 (1975).https://doi.org/APPLAB
7. J. J. Song, G. L. Eesley, M. D. Levenson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, 567 (1976).https://doi.org/APPLAB
8. W. M. Tolles, J. W. Nibler, J. R. McDonald, A. G. Harvey, Appl. Spectroscopy 31, 96 (1977).https://doi.org/APSPA4
9. A. B. Harvey, J. R. McDonald, W. M. Tolles, in Progress in Analytical Chemistry, Plenum, New York (1977).
10. W. Kaiser, A. Laubareau, in Tunable Lasers and Applications (A. Mooradian, I. T. Jaeger, P. Stoketh, eds.), volume 3, Springer, New York (1976), page 207.
11. P. R. Regnier, in Laser Raman Gas Diagnostics, (M. Lapp, C. M. Penney, eds.) Plenum, New York (1974).
12. M. D. Levenson, N. Bloembergen, Phys. Rev. B 10, 4447 (1974).https://doi.org/PLRBAQ
13. P. Yaney, J. Raman Spectroscopy 5 (to be published).
14. H. Lotem, R. T. LynchJr, N. Bloembergen, Phys. Rev. A 14, 1748 (1976).https://doi.org/PLRAAN
15. W. T. Jones, B. P. Stoicheff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 657 (1964).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
16. S. D. Kramer, N. Bloembergen, Phys. Rev. B 14, 4654 (1976).https://doi.org/PLRBAQ
17. T. Yajima, Opt. Comm. 14, 378 (1975).https://doi.org/OPCOB8

More about the Authors

Marc D. Levenson. University of Southern California, Los Angeles.