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Acoustics of Drums

MAR 01, 1992
Though such renowned physicists as Rayleigh and Raman have studied drums, our understanding of their acoustical behavior remains incomplete. Digital computers and holographic interferometry are now helping to fill in the missing pieces.
Thomas D. Rossing

Drums have played an important role in nearly all musical cultures. They have been used to transmit messages, convey the time of day, send soldiers into battle and warn of impending disaster. Although drums have been constructed of wood, stone and metal, the most familiar type of drum consists of a membrane of animal skin or synthetic material stretched over some type of air enclosure.

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References

  1. 1. N. H. Fletcher, T. D. Rossing, The Physics of Musical Instruments, Springer‐Verlag, New York (1991), ch. 18.

  2. 2. L. E. Kinsler, A. R. Frey, A. B. Coppens, J. V. Sanders, Fundamentals of Acoustics, third edition, Wiley, New York (1982).

  3. 3. T. D. Rossing, I. Bork, H. Zhao, D. Fystrom, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., in press.

  4. 4. R. L. Powell, K. A. Stetson, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1593 (1965).https://doi.org/JOSAAH

  5. 5. W. G. Halvorson, D. L. Brown, Sound and Vibration 11 (11), 8 (1977). https://doi.org/SOVIAJ
    D. J. Ewins, Modal Testing: Theory and Practice, Research Studies Press, Letchworth, England (1984).

  6. 6. Lord Rayleigh, The Theory of Sound, vol. 1, second edition, Macmillan, New York (1894);
    reprinted by Dover, New York (1945) p. 348.

  7. 7. T. D. Rossing, G. Kvistad, The Percussionist 13, 90 (1976).
    A. H. Benade, Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics, Oxford U.P., New York (1976);
    reprinted by Dover, New York (1990).

  8. 8. P. M. Morse, K. U. Ingard, Theoretical Acoustics, McGraw‐Hill, New York (1968), p. 194.

  9. 9. T. D. Rossing, Sci. Am., May 1982, 172.

  10. 10. P. M. Morse, Vibration and Sound, second edition, McGraw‐Hill, New York (1948);
    reprinted by Acoust. Soc. Am. (1981).

  11. 11. R. S. Christian, R. S. Davis, A. Tubis, C. A. Anderson, R. I. Mills, T. D. Rossing, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 1336 (1984).https://doi.org/JASMAN

  12. 12. L. J. Sivian, H. K. Dunn, S. D. White, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2, 330 (1931).https://doi.org/JASMAN

  13. 13. H. Fletcher, I. G. Bassett, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 1570 (1978).https://doi.org/JASMAN

  14. 14. T. D. Rossing, 114th meeting, Acoust. Soc. Am.;
    abstract in J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, S69 (1987).https://doi.org/JASMAN

  15. 15. C. V. Raman, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. A1, 179 (1934).https://doi.org/PISAA7

  16. 16. T. D. Rossing, W. A. Sykes, Percussive Notes 19, 58 (1982).

  17. 17. B. S. Ramakrishna, M. M. Sondhi, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 26, 523 (1934).https://doi.org/JASMAN

  18. 18. S. De, Acustica 40, 206 (1978).https://doi.org/ACUSAY

More about the authors

Thomas D. Rossing, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb.

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Volume 45, Number 3

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