New Scientist: In 1952 Alan Turing introduced the best-known version of his eponymous test of artificial intelligence: If a human talking to a machine believes he or she is talking to a human, the machine has passed the test. Cleverbot, software created by Rollo Carpenter, passed a formal Turing test at the Techniche festival in Guwahati, India, on 3 September. Carpenter says passing the test indicates the ability to imitate intelligence, rather than proving the presence of intelligence itself. During the test, 30 volunteers conducted a typed 4-minute conversation with an unknown entity. Half of them conversed with humans, while the other half conversed with Cleverbot. The software was judged to be human by 59.3% of the people who interacted with it—not far off from the 63.3% of actual humans judged as such during the test.
His 1988 sketch of how to use Antarctic ice to detect neutrinos led to the IceCube observatory, which made the first detections of high-energy neutrinos in 2013.