/
Article

Why Do Stars Emit X Rays?

JUL 01, 1987
Careful study of our closest star, the Sun, suggests that bundles of twisted magnetic flux tubes extending from subsurface layers may account for the surprising prevalence of x rays from most rather ordinary stars.
Eugene N. Parker

The Sun was the first observed x‐ray star. In 1948 rocket‐borne instruments, carried out of the terrestrial atmosphere for only a few minutes at a time, detected solar x rays. Then in April 1960 instruments recorded the first x‐ray photograph of the Sun.

This article is only available in PDF format

References

  1. 1. H. Friedman, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 1, 59 (1963).https://doi.org/ARAAAJ

  2. 2. R. Giacconi et al., Astrophys. J. 230, 540 (1979).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  3. 3. G. S. Vaiana, J. P. Cassinelli, G. Fabbiano, R. Giacconi, L. Golub, P. Gorenstein, B. M. Haisch, F. R. Harnden, H. M. Johnson, J. L. Linsky, C. W. Maxson, R. Mewe, R. Rosner, F. Seward, K. Topka, C. Zwaan, Astrophys. J. 245, 163 (1981).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  4. 4. J. L. Linsky, in Solar Phenomena in Stars and Stellar Systems, R. M. Bonnet, A. K. Dupree, eds., Reidel, Boston (1981), p. 99.

  5. 5. R. Rosner, L. Golub, G. S. Vaiana, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 23, 413 (1985).https://doi.org/ARAAAJ

  6. 6. The following are general references: E. N. Parker, Cosmical Magnetic Fields, Clarendon, Oxford (1979);
    E. R. Priest, Solar Magnetohydrodynamics, Reidel, Boston (1982);
    P. A. Sturrock, T. E. Holzer, D. M. Mihalas, R. K. Ulrich, eds., Physics of the Sun, Reidel, Boston j (1986).

  7. 7. R. Rosner, W. H. Tucker, G. S. Vaiana, Astrophys. J. 220, 643 (1978).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  8. 8. M. Kuperus, J. A. Ionson, D. S. Spicer, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 19, 7 (1981).https://doi.org/ARAAAJ

  9. 9. J. V. Hollweg, Astrophys. J. 277, 392 (1984).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  10. 10. J. M. Beckers, E. H. Stenflo, Solar Phys. 4, 142 (1968). https://doi.org/SLPHAX
    E. N. Frazier, J. O. Stenflo, Solar Phys. 27, 330 (1972). https://doi.org/SLPHAX
    K. L. Harvey, J. W. Harvey, S. F. Martin, Solar Phys. 40, 87 (1975).https://doi.org/SLPHAX

  11. 11. C. C. Cheng, G. A. Doschek, U. Feldman, Astrophys. J. 227, 1037 (1979).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  12. 12. R. Esser, E. Leer, S. R. Habbal, G. L. Withbroe, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 2950 (1986).https://doi.org/JGREA2

  13. 13. J. Hayvaerts, E. R. Priest, Astron. Astrophys. 117, 220 (1983).https://doi.org/AAEJAF

  14. 14. J. A. Ionson, Astrophys. J. 276, 357 (1984).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  15. 15. M. Lee, B. Roberts, Astrophys. J. 301, 430 (1986). https://doi.org/ASJOAB
    J. M. Davila, Astrophys. J. 317, 514 (1987).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  16. 16. E. N. Parker, Astrophys. J. 264, 642 (1983).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  17. 17. E. N. Parker, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynamics 34, 243 (1986); https://doi.org/GAFDD3
    E. N. Parker, 35, 277 (1986).https://doi.org/GAFDD3 , Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn.

  18. 18. E. N. Parker, Astrophys. J. 318, in press (1987).

More about the authors

Eugene N. Parker, University of Chicago.

Related content
/
Article
Detecting quantum particles of gravity was long considered hopeless. A new perspective, which takes advantage of quantum technologies, suggests that an experimental realization may be closer than previously thought.
/
Article
As higher-education programs compete for a shrinking pool of students, departments must better communicate the value that a physics major brings.
/
Article
Three physicists give a firsthand account of disarmament efforts in the 1980s and 1990s.
/
Article
Researchers don’t need to do science engagement alone. Working with professionals makes the job easier and more effective and can lead to better science.
This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1987_07.jpeg

Volume 40, Number 7

Get PT newsletters in your inbox

pt_newsletter_card_blue.png
PT The Week in Physics

A collection of PT's content from the previous week delivered every Monday.

pt_newsletter_card_darkblue.png
PT New Issue Alert

Be notified about the new issue with links to highlights and the full TOC.

pt_newsletter_card_pink.png
PT Webinars & White Papers

The latest webinars, white papers and other informational resources.

By signing up you agree to allow AIP to send you email newsletters. You further agree to our privacy policy and terms of service.