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The Computing Revolution and the Physics Community

OCT 01, 1996
The information revolution that the ENIAC heralded 50 years ago has profoundly changed the ways in which physicists—along with society in general—work and interact.

DOI: 10.1063/1.881522

Alfred E. Brenner

By any measure, society—US society in particular—is now in some phase of what is being called the information revolution. This “third wave,” a term introduced by Alvin Toffler, follows the industrial revolution of the 18th century and the agricultural revolution of 10 000 years ago, and is resulting in phenomenal social, cultural and economic transformations. It is changing the ways in which people spend their time at work and at play, and the ways in which they live their lives in general. Inevitably, it will lead to major geopolitical upheavals. This revolution, as were the two previous ones, is technology based, with the seeds being planted over a long period.

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References

  1. 1. A. Toffler, The Third Wave, Morrow, New York (1980).

  2. 2. A. W. Burks, A. R. Burks, Ann. Hist. Computing 3, 310 (1981).https://doi.org/AHCOE5

  3. 3. For a review of some of the early computer history, see R. Serrell, M. M. Astrahan, G. W. Patterson, I. B. Payne, Proc. IRE [Institute of Radio Engineers] 12, 1039 (January 1962).https://doi.org/PIREAE

  4. 4. For a review of the early computer history for cryptologic organizations, see S. S. Snyder, Ann. Hist. Computing 2, 60 (1980).https://doi.org/AHCOE5

  5. 5. For the fascinating story of the development of the IBM 360, see two articles in Fortune, September 1966, p. 118, and October 1966, p. 140.
    For a more technical perspective, see B. O. Evans, Ann. Hist. Computing 8, 160 (1986).https://doi.org/AHCOE5

  6. 6. A. E. Brenner, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS‐12, 241 (1965).https://doi.org/IETNAE

  7. 7. C. A. BordnerJr, A. E. Brenner, E. E. Ronat, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 37, 36 (1966).https://doi.org/RSINAK

  8. 8. Report of the Panel on Large Scale Computing in Science and Engineering, Department of Defense and National Science Foundation, Washington, DC (1982).

  9. 9. IEEE Scientific Supercomputer Subcommittee, Computer, November 1989, p. 57.

  10. 10. High Performance Computing and Communications: Toward a National Information Infrastructure, 1994, Committee on Physical, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences; Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology; Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington, DC.

  11. 11. National Research Council, National Collaboratories: Applying Information Technology for Scientific Research, National Academy P., Washington, DC (1993).

  12. 12. National Research Council, Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation’s Information Infrastructure, National Academy P., Washington, DC (1995).

More about the Authors

Alfred E. Brenner. Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, Virginia.

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Volume 49, Number 10

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