Surface structure—an emerging spectroscopy

AUG 01, 1972

Routine production of ultrahigh vacuum, new surface‐analytical techniques and more quantitative theories—all combine to open exciting prospects for the study and use of solid surfaces.

DOI: 10.1063/1.3070957

C. B. Duke

Robert L. Park

The intrinsic interest in an empty box is limited, however difficult the task of evacuating it may be. It is the new vistas in science and technology opened by the ability routinely to produce ultra‐high vacua as a controlled environment that excite our interest. The challenges of generating and measuring such vacua will be described in the following articles of this issue of PHYSICS TODAY. We devote our discussion to recent developments in the study of surface phenomena, an area of science that has been both a beneficiary of and contributor to advances in vacuum technology.

References

1. C. B. Duke, Ann. Rev. Matl. Sci. 1, 165 (1971).
2. T. A. Carlson, PHYSICS TODAY, January 1972, page 30;
R. L. Gerlach, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 8, 599 (1971).https://doi.org/JVSTAL
3. R. L. Park, J. E. Houston, Adv. X‐Ray Anal. 15, 462 (1972).https://doi.org/AXRAAA
4. C. C. Chang, Surf. Sci. 25, 53 (1971).https://doi.org/SUSCAS
5. P. B. Sewell, M. Cohen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 11, 298 (1967).https://doi.org/APPLAB
6. D. P. Smith, Surf. Sci. 25, 171 (1971).https://doi.org/SUSCAS
7. E. W. Müller, F. A. Panitz, S. B. McLane, Rev. Sci. Instr. 39, 83 (1968).https://doi.org/RSINAK
8. R. Castaing, J. F. Hennequin, Adv. Mass. Spectry. 5, 419 (1971).
9. G. Ehrlich, F. Hudda, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 1039 (1966).https://doi.org/JCPSA6
10. W. H. Weinberg, R. P. Merrill, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 17 (1970).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
11. P. J. Estrup, E. G. McRae, Surf. Sci. 25, 1 (1971).https://doi.org/SUSCAS
12. C. B. Duke, C. W. TuckerJr, Surf. Sci. 15, 231 (1969); https://doi.org/SUSCAS
C. B. Duke, C. W. TuckerJr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 1169 (1969).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
13. H. E. Farnsworth, R. E. Schlier, T. H. George, R. M. Burger, J. Appl. Phys. 29, 1150 (1958).https://doi.org/JAPIAU
14. G. A. Somorjai, H. H. Farrell, Adv. Chem. Phys. 20, 215 (1971).https://doi.org/ADCPAA
15. C. Davisson, L. H. Germer, Phys. Rev. 30, 705 (1927).https://doi.org/PHRVAO
16. C. B. Duke, G. E. Laramore, Phys. Rev. B3, 3183, 3198 (1971).https://doi.org/PLRBAQ
17. P. J. Feibelman, C. B. Duke, A. Bagchi, Phys. Rev. B5, 2436 (1972).https://doi.org/PLRBAQ
18. G. E. Laramore, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 9, 625 (1972).https://doi.org/JVSTAL
19. J. E. Houston, R. L. Park, Surf. Sci. 21, 209 (1970); https://doi.org/SUSCAS
J. E. Houston, R. L. Park, 26, 269 (1971).https://doi.org/SUSCAS , Surf. Sci.
20. R. D. Young, PHYSICS TODAY, November 1971, page 42.
21. D. E. Eastman, J. K. Cashion, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 1520 (1971).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
22. H. Hagstrum, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Std. (US) 74A, 433 (1970).
23. A. Bagchi, C. B. Duke, Phys. Rev. B5, 2784 (1972).https://doi.org/PLRBAQ
24. H. Merz, K. Ulmer, Z. Physik 210, 92 (1968).https://doi.org/ZEPYAA
25. D. J. Fabian, Mat. Res. Bull. 5, 591 (1970).https://doi.org/MRBUAC
26. R. J. Liefeld in Soft X‐Ray Band Spectra (D. J. Fabian, ed.), Academic, New York (1968).
27. J. R. Cuthill, A. J. McAlister, M. L. Williams, J. Appl. Phys. 39, 1810 (1970).https://doi.org/JAPIAU
28. Kai Siegbahn, C. Nordling, A. Fahlman, R. Nordberg, K. Hamrin, J. Hedman, G. Johansson, T. Bergmark, S.‐E. Karlsson, I. Lindgren, B. Lindberg, ESCA: Atomic, Molecular, and Solid State Structure Studied by Means of Electron Spectroscopy, Almqvist and Wiksells, Uppsala (1967).
29. G. E. Laramore, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 1050 (1971); https://doi.org/PRLTAO
G. E. Laramore, Solid State Commun. 10, 85 (1972).https://doi.org/SSCOA4
30. J. E. Houston, R. L. Park, Solid State Commun. 10, 91 (1972).https://doi.org/SSCOA4
31. P. Tabor, J. M. Wilson, J. T. Bastow, Surf. Sci. 26, 471 (1971).https://doi.org/SUSCAS
32. C. B. Duke, G. E. Laramore, Phys. Rev. B2, 4765, 4783 (1970).https://doi.org/PLRBAQ
33. F. M. Propst, T. C. Piper, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 4, 53 (1967).https://doi.org/JVSTAL
34. H. Ibach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 1416 (1970); https://doi.org/PRLTAO
H. Ibach, 27, 253 (1971).https://doi.org/PRLTAO , Phys. Rev. Lett.
35. E. W. Müller, Naturwiss. 57, 222 (1970).https://doi.org/NATWAY
36. T. E. Madey, J. T. YatesJr, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 8, 529 (1971).https://doi.org/JVSTAL
37. D. J. deS. Price in Factors in the Transfer of Technology (W. H. Gruber, D. G. Marquis, eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge (1969), page 91.

More about the Authors

C. B. Duke. Xerox Research Laboratories, Rochester, New York.

Robert L. Park. Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico.