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Reflections on the 1974 APS Energy Study

JAN 01, 1986
A participant in a study made in the wake of the oil‐price surges asks: Have the events of the past decade vindicated the study’s conclusion that greater well‐being does not require more energy?
Robert H. Socolow

We physicists who worked together on the 1974 American Physical Society summer study entitled Efficient Use of Energy: A Physics Perspective believed we were doing something important in questioning two beliefs strongly held by most people involved in problems of energy supply. One of the beliefs that we challenged concerned how energy relates to wellbeing, namely that only by ever greater use of energy can society achieve greater well‐being. The other concerned how physicists relate to energy: that it is appropriate for physicists to work on problems of energy supply, but inappropriate for us to work on problems of energy use. The shared goal of the participants in the 1974 APS summer study was to overturn both of these majority positions—by creating counterexamples. In the first instance our counterexamples would be analyses that demonstrated the emptiness of the connection between various aspects of wellbeing—personal mobility and light to read by, for example—and the level of energy use required to achieve them (see figure 1). In the second instance our counterexamples would be ourselves.

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References

  1. 1. K. Ford, G. Rochlin, A. Rosenfeld, M. Ross, R. Socolow, eds., Efficient Use of Energy: A Physics Perspective, AIP Conf. Proc. 25, American Institute of Physics, New York (1975). See also PHYSICS TODAY, August 1975, p. 23.

  2. 2. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970, part II, data series M‐83, ‐90, ‐92, Bureau of the Census (1975).

  3. 3. Annual Energy Review 1983, Energy Information Administration, DOE (April 1984).

  4. 4. Monthly Energy Review, December 1984, Energy Information Administration, DOE (March 1985).

  5. 5. Estimates of Wood Energy Consumption, 1980–1983, Energy Information Administration, DOE (November 1984).

  6. 6. Gross National Product by Sector or Industry of Origin, 1947–1983, computer printout, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Dept. of Commerce (1984).

  7. 7. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1985, Bureau of the Census (December 1984).

  8. 8. R. H. Williams, Ambio 14, 201 (1985).

  9. 9. S. H. Schurr, J. Darmstadter, H. Perry, W. Ramsey, M. Russell, Energy in America’s Future: The Choices Before U. S., Resources for the Future, Johns Hopkins U.P., Baltimore (1979).

  10. 10. R. H. Socolow, Annu. Rev. Energy 2, 239 (1977).

  11. 11. Handbook of Economic Statistics 1983, Central Intelligence Agency (September 1984).

  12. 12. R. H. Williams, A Low Energy Future for the United States, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Report R‐186, Princeton Univ., Princeton, New Jersey (February 1985).
    See also M. Ross, E. D. Larson, R. H. Williams, Energy Demand and Materials Flows in te Economy, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Report R‐193, Princeton Univ., Princeton, New Jersey (July 1985).

  13. 13. R. H. Socolow, Resource‐Efficient High Technology, Basic Human Needs, and the Convergence of North and South, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Report R‐157, Princeton Univ., Princeton, New Jersey (April 1982).

  14. 14. Proc. ACEEE 1984 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, 10 vols. Available from the American Council for an Energy‐Efficient Economy, 1001 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20036.

  15. 15. R. H. Socolow, Four Anxieties About a Vigorous National Conservation Program: Discussion Paper, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 324, 28 (1979).

  16. 16. H. Geller, S. Baldwin, G. Dutt, N. H. Ravindranath, Ambio 14, 280 (1985).

  17. 17. J. Goldemberg, T. B. Johansson, A. K. N. Reddy, R. H. Williams, Annu. Rev. Energy 10, 613 (1985).

  18. 18. J.‐R. Frisch, ed., Energy 2000–2020: World Propects and Regional Stresses, Graham & Trorman, London (1983).

  19. 19. Energy Systems Program Group of the IIASA, Energy in a Finite World—A Global Systems Analysis, Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass. (1981).

  20. 20. R. H. Socolow, ed.. Saving Energy in the Home: Princeton’s Experiments at Twin Rivers, Ballinger, Cambridge Mass. (1978).

More about the Authors

Robert H. Socolow. Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.

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This Content Appeared In
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Volume 39, Number 1

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