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Quantum Calorimetry

AUG 01, 1999
Novel detectors that operate at 60 millikelvin are now being used to study cosmic gas at millions of kelvin
Caroline Kilbourne Stahle
Dan McCammon
Kent D. Irwin

Your opponent’s serve was almost perfect, but you vigorously returned it beyond his outstretched racquet to win the point. Now the tennis ball sits wedged in the chain‐link fence around the court. What happened to the ball’s kinetic energy? It has gone to heat the fence, of course, and you realize that if the fence were quite a bit colder, you might be able to measure that heat and determine just how energetic your swing really was.

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References

  1. 1. For reviews of the class of spectrometers called low‐temperature detectors (of which calorimeters are one type) and of many of the applications discussed in the introductory portions of this article, see N. Booth, B. Cabrera, E. Fiorini, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Particle Sci. 46, 471 (1996) https://doi.org/ARPSDF
    and D. Twerenbold, Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 349 (1996*.https://doi.org/RPPHAG

  2. 2. T. Shutt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3425 (1992).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  3. 3. G. C. Hilton et al., Nature 391, 672 (1998).https://doi.org/NATUAS

  4. 4. E. Fiorini, T. O. Niinikoski, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 224, 83 (1984).

  5. 5. D. McCammon, M. Juda, D. D. Reeder, R. L. Kelley, S. H. Moseley, A. E. Szymkowiak, in Neutrino Mass and Low Energy Weak Interactions: Telemark, 1984,
    V. Barger, D. Cline, eds., World Scientific, Singapore (1985), p. 329.

  6. 6. B. Cabrera, R. M. Clarke, P. Colling, A. J. Miller, S. Nam, R. W. Romani, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 735 (1998).https://doi.org/APPLAB

  7. 7. S. H. Moseley, J. C. Mather, D. McCammon, J. Appl. Phys. 56, 1257 (1984).https://doi.org/JAPIAU

  8. 8. J. C. Mather, Appl. Opt. 21, 1125 (1982). https://doi.org/APOPAI
    J. C. Mather, Appl. Opt. 23, 584 (1984).https://doi.org/APOPAI

  9. 9. B. I. Shklovskii, A. L. Efros, Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors Springer‐Verlag, Berlin (1984).

  10. 10. J. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. B 57, 4472 (1998). https://doi.org/PRBMDO
    N. Wang, F. C. Wellstood, B. Sadoulet, E. E. Haller, J. Beeman, Phys. Rev. B, 41, 3761 (1990).https://doi.org/PRBMDO

  11. 11. S. I. Han et al., Proc. SPIE 3445, 640 (1998).https://doi.org/PSISDG

  12. 12. A. Zehnder, Phys. Rev. B 52, 12858 (1995). This paper approaches the problem from the perspective of optimizing superconducting tunnel junctions, for which the quasiparticle current is measured before complete thermalization occurs, but the paper’s overview of the thermalization process is relevant to calorimeters with superconducting absorbers.https://doi.org/PRBMDO

  13. 13. W. J. Skocpol, M. R. Beasley, M. Tinkham, J. Appl. Phys. 45, 4054 (1974).https://doi.org/JAPIAU

  14. 14. K. D. Irwin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1998 (1995).https://doi.org/APPLAB

More about the authors

Caroline Kilbourne Stahle, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.

Dan McCammon, University of Wisconsin—Madison.

Kent D. Irwin, National Institut of Standards, Technology, Boulder, Colorado.

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This Content Appeared In
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Volume 52, Number 8

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