Quantized Vortices in Superfluid Helium‐4

FEB 01, 1987

Singular whirlpools give rise to such diverse phenomena as superfluid turbulence, two‐dimensional phase transitions and quantum nucleation.

DOI: 10.1063/1.881099

William I. Glaberson

Klaus W. Schwarz

When liquid helium‐4 is cooled to 2.17 K it changes from an ordinary fluid to a superfluid somewhat similar in nature to superfluid helium‐3 and to the electron fluid in superconductors. Extensive investigation over the last five decades has given us a highly refined phenomenological description of how superfluid ${He}^{4}$ behaves, even though the underlying quantum theory is only partially understood. Much of the current research on superfluid ${He}^{4}$ is part of a continuing effort to work out the implications of this phenomenological description, in the same way as classical fluid dynamicists are still working out the implications of the Navier‐Stokes equations.

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More about the authors

William I. Glaberson, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Klaus W. Schwarz, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York.