Probing Dense Nuclear Matter in the Laboratory

MAY 01, 1993

Colliding heavy ions offer a glimpse of nuclear matter at densities and temperatures that previously were exclusive to the extraterrestrial domain.

DOI: 10.1063/1.881390

Subal Das Gupta

Gary D. Westfall

A 150‐meter‐long outdoor beam line wanders through eucalyptus trees down the 45‐meter slope connecting the SuperHILAC and the Bevatron at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The SuperHILAC is a linear accelerator designed to accelerate heavy nuclei at high intensities to energies of up to 8 MeV/nucleon for the purpose of studying heavy and superheavy elements. The Bevatron is a weak focusing synchrotron born in 1954 with the mission of discovering the antiproton and exploring the riddle of the hadrons using beams of 6.2‐GeV protons. In 1974 these two machines were coupled to create the Bevalac, and with it a new field of research: relativistic heavy‐ion reactions.

This article is only available in PDF format

References

1. D. E. Greiner, P. J. Lindstrom, H. H. Heckman, B. Cork, F. S. Bieser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 152 (1975).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
2. H. H. Gutbrod, A. M. Poskanzer, H. G. Ritter, Rep. Prog. Phys. 52, 267 (1989).https://doi.org/RPPHAG
3. P. Danielewicz, H. Ströbele, G. Odyniec, D. Bangert, R. Bock, R. Brockmann, J. W. Harris, H. G. Pugh, W. Rauch, R. E. Renfordt, A. Sandoval, D. Schall, L. S. Schroeder, R. Stock, Phys. Rev. C 38, 120 (1988).https://doi.org/PRVCAN
4. J. Gosset, H. H. Gutbrod, W. G. Meyer, A. M. Poskanzer, A. Sandoval, R. Stock, G. D. Westfall, Phys. Rev. C 16, 629 (1977). https://doi.org/PRVCAN
S. Nagamiya, M.‐C. Lemaire, E. Moeller, S. Schnetzer, G. Shapiro, H. Steiner, I. Tanihata, Phys. Rev. C 24, 971 (1981).https://doi.org/PRVCAN
5. P. Danielewicz, G. Odyniec, Phys. Lett. B 157, 146 (1985).https://doi.org/PYLBAJ
6. A comprehensive account of the BUU model can be found in G. F. Bertsch, S. Das Gupta, Phys. Rep. 160, 189 (1988).https://doi.org/PRPLCM
7. J. Cugnon, T. Mizutani, J. Vandermeulen, Nucl. Phys. A 352, 505 (1981).https://doi.org/NUPABL
8. C. Gale, G. M. Welke, M. Prakash, S. J. Lee, S. Das Gupta, Phys. Rev. C 41, 1545 (1990).https://doi.org/PRVCAN
9. H. Kruse, B. V. Jacak, H. Stöcker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 289 (1985).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
10. J. M. Pearson, Phys. Lett. B 271, 12 (1991).https://doi.org/PYLBAJ
11. E. D. Baron, J. Cooperstein, S. Kahana, Nucl. Phys. A 440, 744 (1985).https://doi.org/NUPABL
12. C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C 36, 2152 (1987).https://doi.org/PRVCAN
13. G. F. Bertsch, G. E. Brown, V. Koch, B. A. Li, Nucl. Phys. A 490, 745 (1988).https://doi.org/NUPABL
14. R. J. Lenk, T. J. Schlagel, V. R. Pandharipande, Phys. Rev. C 42, 372 (1990).https://doi.org/PRVCAN
15. J. Aichelin, G. Peilert, A. Bohnet, A. Rosenhaur, H. Stöcker, W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C 37, 2451 (1988).https://doi.org/PRVCAN
16. W. Bauer, G. F. Bertsch, S. Das Gupta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 863 (1987).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
17. D. H. Boal, J. N. Glosli, Phys. Rev. C 38, 2621 (1988).https://doi.org/PRVCAN
18. J. Gallego, S. Das Gupta, C. Gale, S. J. Lee, S. Gilbert, C. Pruneau, Phys. Rev. C 44, 463 (1991).https://doi.org/PRVCAN
19. P. J. Siemens, J. I. Kapusta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1486 (1979).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
20. L. P. Csernai, J. I. Kapusta, G. Fai, D. Hahn, J. Randrup, H. Stöcker, Phys. Rev. C 35, 1297 (1987).https://doi.org/PRVCAN
21. D. Krofcheck, D. A. Cebra, M. Cronqvist, R. Lacey, T. Li, C. A. Ogilvie, A. Vander Molen, K. Tyson, G. D. Westfall, W. K. Wilson, J. S. Winfield, A. Nadasen, E. Norbeck, Phys. Rev. C 43, 350 (1991).https://doi.org/PRVCAN

More about the Authors

Subal Das Gupta. McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Gary D. Westfall. Michigan State, University.