Discover
/
Article

Origins of cosmic rays

OCT 01, 1971
Each new means of detection shows cosmic rays to be more complex than we had thought, so that more and more bravery is demanded of astrophysicists who propose sources for these rays.
Ramanath Cowsik
P. Buford Price

Laymen are probably more aware of the spectacular recent discoveries in astrophysics than in any other science. Newspapers and magazines have conditioned their readers to accept the reality of quasars, pulsars, black holes, gravitational waves, 2.7‐K blackbody radiation, interstellar molecules, solar wind and ancient moon rocks, to name only a few currently fashionable topics.

This article is only available in PDF format

References

  1. 1. P. Meyer, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 7, 1 (1969); https://doi.org/ARAAAJ
    M. M. Shapiro, R. Silberberg, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 20, 323 (1970); https://doi.org/ARNUA8
    V. L. Ginzburg, Scientific American, February, 1969, page 51.

  2. 2. M. Wahlig, A. Buffington, L. H. Smith, G. Smoot, L. W. Alvarez, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Cosmic Rays, Hobart, Tasmania, 1971 (to be published).

  3. 3. S. Biswas, C. E. Fichtel, Space Sci. Rev. 4, 709 (1965); https://doi.org/SPSRA4
    N. Durgaprasad, C. E. Fichtel, D. E. Guss, D. V. Reames, Astrophys. J. 154, 307 (1968); https://doi.org/ASJOAB
    D. L. Bertsch, C. E. Fichtel, D. V. Reames, Astrophys. J. 157, L54 (1969).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  4. 4. P. B. Price, J. D. Sullivan, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Cosmic Rays, Hobart, Tasmania, 1971 (to be published).

  5. 5. P. B. Price, I. Hutcheon, R. Cowsik, D. J. Barber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 916 (1971).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  6. 6. P. H. Fowler, R. A. Adams, V. G. Cowen, J. M. Kidd, Proc. Roy. Soc. A301, 39 (1967);
    P. H. Fowler, V. M. Clapham, V. G. Cowen, J. M. Kidd, R. T. Moses, Proc. Roy. Soc. A318, 1 (1970).

  7. 7. P. B. Price, P. H. Fowler, J. M. Kidd, E. J. Kobetich, R. L. Fleischer, G. E. Nichols, Phys. Rev. D3, 815 (1971);
    G. E. Blanford, M. W. Friedlander, J. Klarmann, R. M. Walker, J. P. Wefel, W. C. Wells, Acta Physica Acad. Sci. Hungaricae 29, Suppl. 1, 423 (1970);
    D. O’Sullivan, P. B. Price, E. K. Shirk, P. H. Fowler, J. M. Kidd, E. J. Kobetich, R. Thorne, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 463 (1971).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  8. 8. E. J. Kobetich, P. B. Price, E. K. Shirk, R. D. Eandi, W. Z. Osborne, L. S. Pinsky, R. B. Rushing, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Cosmic Rays, Hobart, Tasmania, 1971 (to be published).

  9. 9. W. D. Myers, W. J. Swiatecki, Nucl. Phys. 81, 1 (1966); https://doi.org/NUPHA7
    D. N. Schramm, W. A. Fowler, Nature 231, 103 (1971); https://doi.org/NATUAS
    S. G. Nilsson, S. G. Thompson, C. F. Tsang, Phys. Lett. 28B, 458 (1969).

  10. 10. K. C. Anand, R. R. Daniel, S. A. Stephens, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 67, 267 (1968); https://doi.org/PISAA7
    W. R. Webber, Australian J. Phys. 21, 845 (1968).

  11. 11. D. ter Haar, Rev. Mod. Phys. 22, 119 (1950); https://doi.org/RMPHAT
    I. S. Shklovsky, Dokl Acad. Nauk SSSR 90, 983 (1953);
    V. L. Ginzburg, Usp. Fiz. Nauk SSR 51, 343 (1953);
    S. Hayakawa, Prog. Theoret. Phys. 15, 111 (1956).https://doi.org/PTPKAV

  12. 12. S. A. Colgate, M. H. Johnson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 5, 235 (1960).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  13. 13. J. E. Gunn, J. P. Ostriker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 728 (1969); https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    P. Goldreich, W. Julian, Astrophys. J. 157, 869 (1969).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  14. 14. J. C. Kemp, J. B. Swedlund, J. D. Landstreet, J. R. P. Angel, Astrophys. J. 161, L 77 (1970);
    J. R. P. Angel, J. D. Landstreet, Astrophys. J. 164, L15 (1971); https://doi.org/ASJOAB
    J. D. Landstreet, J. R. P. Angel, Astrophys. J. 165, L67 (1971).https://doi.org/ASJOAB

  15. 15. J. Ostriker, Acta Physica Acad. Sci. Hungaricae 29, Suppl. 1, 69 (1970).

  16. 16. G. A. Wegner, PhD thesis, University of Washington, 1971.

  17. 17. R. L. Fleischer, P. B. Price, R. M. Walker, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 15, 1 (1965); https://doi.org/ARNUA8
    Scientific American, June, 1969, page 30;
    P. B. Price, R. L. Fleischer, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 21, December 1971.

More about the Authors

Ramanath Cowsik. University of California, Berkeley.

P. Buford Price. University of California, Berkeley.

Related content
/
Article
Figuring out how to communicate with the public can be overwhelming. Here’s some advice for getting started.
/
Article
Amid growing investment in planetary-scale climate intervention strategies that alter sunlight reflection, global communities deserve inclusive and accountable oversight of research.
/
Article
Although motivated by the fundamental exploration of the weirdness of the quantum world, the prizewinning experiments have led to a promising branch of quantum computing technology.
/
Article
As conventional lithium-ion battery technology approaches its theoretical limits, researchers are studying alternative architectures with solid electrolytes.
This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1971_10.jpeg

Volume 24, Number 10

Get PT in your inbox

pt_newsletter_card_blue.png
PT The Week in Physics

A collection of PT's content from the previous week delivered every Monday.

pt_newsletter_card_darkblue.png
PT New Issue Alert

Be notified about the new issue with links to highlights and the full TOC.

pt_newsletter_card_pink.png
PT Webinars & White Papers

The latest webinars, white papers and other informational resources.

By signing up you agree to allow AIP to send you email newsletters. You further agree to our privacy policy and terms of service.