Large Facilities for Condensed‐Matter Science
DOI: 10.1063/1.881006
The structural perfection and the optical beauty of natural crystals have always been a source of fascination. The attempt to provide a scientific understanding of crystal structure—to understand the natural laws that underlie the aesthetic appeal—marked the beginning of condensed‐matter physics. This intellectual revolution began in 1912, when Walter Friedrich, Paul Knipping and Max von Laue presented an elementary theory of xray diffraction by crystals and reported the first experimental results. Remarkably, this monumental work not only heralded the modern era of condensedmatter physics, it demonstrated conclusively the wave nature of x rays—one cornerstone in the modern development of physics. The discovery of electron and neutron diffraction—in 1926 and 1936, respectively—greatly increased the range of phenomena that could be studied in condensed matter. Today the quest for useful new probes continues; muons and positrons, for example, are being investigated. However, it is overwhelmingly clear that electrons, neutrons and photons are still the most important probes in their collective contributions to our field and their potential for future discovery. The profound impact these probes have had on the microscopic understanding of materials becomes clear when one asks questions such as: What would we know about the geometric and electronic structure of solids without photon scattering and spectroscopy? What would we know about magnetism, phase transitions and excitations in solids without neutron scattering?
This article is only available in PDF format
References
1. G. H. Vineyard, L. Falicov, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55, 57 (1984).https://doi.org/RSINAK
2. An Assessment of the National Need for Facilities Dedicated to Synchrotron Radiation, NAS, Washington, DC (1976).
Current Status of Facilities Dedicated to the Production of Synchrotron Radiation, NAS, Washington, DC (1983).
Current Status of Neutron Scattering Research and Facilities in the United States, NAS, Washington, DC (1984).
Ames Laboratory, Report of the Review Panel on Neutron Scattering, IS‐4761, Ames, Iowa (1980).
National Synchrotron Radiation Planning Committee, Planning Study for Advanced Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico (1984).3. Major Facilities for Materials Research and Related Disciplines, NAS, Washington, DC (1985).
See also PHYSICS TODAY, September, page 57.4. A. Bienenstock, H. Winick, PHYSICS TODAY, June 1983, p. 48. This article gives a complete discussion of wigglers and undulators.
5. R. E. Peierls, Quantum Theory of Solids, Oxford U.P., London (1954).
More about the authors
Martin Blume, Brookhaven National Laboratory.
David E. Moncton, Brookhaven National Laboratory.
