Better measurements and improved theory are stimulating increased attention to processes in which photons eject electrons from the atoms in which they originate. Experts now concentrate on such matters as spins, parities, angular correlations and oriented nuclei.
INTERNAL CONVERSION—a process whereby an excited nucleus interacts directly with an orbital electron, imparting its excitation energy to the electron—has been intensively studied in the past few years. Experimental measurements have included K and L conversion coefficients, L and M subshell conversion‐intensity ratios, and K‐, L‐ and M‐shell particle parameters (factors relating angular distributions of conversion electrons to those of corresponding gamma rays).
This article is only available in PDF format
References
1. I. M. Band, M. A. Listengarten, L. A. Sliv, J. E. Thun, in Alpha‐, Beta‐, and Gamma‐Ray Spectroscopy, K. Siegbahn, ed., (North‐Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam). (1965).
With strong magnetic fields and intense lasers or pulsed electric currents, physicists can reconstruct the conditions inside astrophysical objects and create nuclear-fusion reactors.
A crude device for quantification shows how diverse aspects of distantly related organisms reflect the interplay of the same underlying physical factors.
