Electron Spectroscopy or Chemical Analysis

JAN 01, 1972

Photoelectron and Auger techniques, now routinely used to determine energy‐level schemes, are being extended to very complex molecules and hard‐to‐handle samples.

DOI: 10.1063/1.3070674

Thomas A. Carlson

Although electron energy spectra have been studied for years, only more recently has their usefulness in chemical‐structure problems been appreciated. Now we appear to have a new analytic method that can describe the complete electronic structure of a molecule by measuring binding energies for all the orbitals. Optical spectroscopy, in comparison, measures only the first ionization potentials, except for the very simplest molecules. And electron emission spectra, we shall see, are also useful in such applied work as protein structure analysis and investigations of environmental pollutants.

References

1. M. O. Krause, Chem. Phys. Lett. 10, 65 (1971).https://doi.org/CHPLBC
2. D. W. Turner, C. Baker, A. D. Baker, C. R. Brundle, Molecular Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Wiley, London, 1970.
3. N. Fernelius, RCI, Box 3156, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830.
4. C. C. Chang, Surface Science 25, 53 (1971).https://doi.org/SUSCAS
5. O. Edqvist, E. Lindholm, L. E. Selin, L. Asbrink, Physica Scripta 1, 25 (1970).https://doi.org/PHSTBO
6. A. D. Baker, D. Betteridge, N. R. Kemp, R. E. Kirby, Anal. Chem. 43, 375 (1971).https://doi.org/ANCHAM
7. N. Jonathan, D. J. Smith, K. J. Ross, Chem. Phys. Lett. 9, 217 (1971).https://doi.org/CHPLBC
8. D. E. Eastman, M. Kuznietz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 584 (1971).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
9. T. A. Carlson, C. P. Anderson, Chem. Phys. Lett. 10, 561 (1971).https://doi.org/CHPLBC
10. M. P. Klein, L. N. Kramer, Proceedings of the Conference on Improving Plant Proteins by Nuclear Techniques, Vienna 1970, (IAEA, Vienna, 1970).
11. L. D. Hulett, T. A. Carlson, B. R. Fish, J. L. Durham, in Determination of Air Quality (G. Mamantob, W. D. Shults, eds.), Plenum, New York, 1971, page 187.
12. C. S. Fadley, S. A. L. Bergström, Phys. Lett. A, 35, 375 (1971).https://doi.org/PYLAAG
13. J. C. Carver, T. A. Carlson, L. C. Cain, G. K. Schweitzer, Proceedings of the 1971 International Conference on Electron Spectroscopy, Asilomar, Calif.
14. T. A. Carlson, M. O. Krause, W. E. Moddeman, Colloques Internationaux supplement to J. Physique, to be published.
15. G. K. Wertheim, A. Rosencwaig, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 1179 (1971).https://doi.org/PRLTAO
16. W. E. Moddeman, T. A. Carlson, M. O. Krause, W. E. Bull, G. K. Schweitzer, J. Chem. Phys. 55, 2317 (1971).https://doi.org/JCPSA6
17. R. Manne, T. Aberg, Chem. Phys. Lett. 7, 282 (1970).https://doi.org/CHPLBC
18. W. L. Jolly, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 1863 (1970).https://doi.org/JACSAT
19. D. J. Hnatowich, J. Hudis, M. L. Perlman, R. C. Ragaini, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 4883 (1971).https://doi.org/JAPIAU
20. C. J. Vesely, D. W. Langer, Phys. Rev. B4, 451 (1971).https://doi.org/PLRBAQ
21. T. A. Carlson in Proceedings of the 1971 International Conference on Electron Spectroscopy, Asilomar, Calif., Tables 2 and 3.
22. C. S. Fadley, S. B. M. Hagström, M. P. Klein, D. A. Shirley, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 3779 (1968).https://doi.org/JCPSA6
23. K. Siegbahn, C. Nordling, G. Johansson, J. Hedman, P. F. Hedén, K. Hamrin, U. Gelius, T. Bergmark, L. O. Werme, R. Manne, Y. Baer, ESCA Applied to Free Molecules, American‐Elsevier, New York (North‐Holland), 1969.
24. D. T. Clark, Chem. Commun. 1971, page 230.

More about the Authors

Thomas A. Carlson. Oak Ridge National Laboratory.