Discover
/
Article

Electron‐phonon interactions and superconductivity

JUL 01, 1973
“…the development of the role of electron‐phonon interactions in superconductivity from its beginnings in 1950 up to the present day, both before and after the development of the microscopic theory in 1957.”
John Bardeen

Our present understanding of superconductivity has arisen from a close interplay of theory and experiment. It would have been very difficult to have arrived at the theory by purely deductive reasoning from the basic equations of quantum mechanics. Even if someone had done so, no one would have believed that such remarkable properties would really occur in nature. But, as you well know, that is not the way it happened; a great deal had been learned about the experimental properties of superconductors, and phenomenological equations had been given to describe many aspects, before the microscopic theory was developed. Some of these have been discussed by Schrieffer and by Cooper in their talks.

This article is only available in PDF format

References

  1. 1. D. Schoenberg, Superconductivity, Cambridge U.P., Cambridge (1938). Second edition, 1951.

  2. 2. F. London, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 152A, 24 (1935).https://doi.org/PRLAAZ

  3. 3. J. Bardeen, Phys. Rev. 59, 928A (1941).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  4. 4. C. A. Reynolds, B. Serin, W. H. Wright, L. B. Nesbitt, Phys. Rev. 78, 487 (1950).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  5. 5. E. Maxwell, Phys. Rev. 78, 477 (1950).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  6. 6. H. Fröhlich, Phys. Rev. 79, 845 (1950); https://doi.org/PHRVAO
    H. Fröhlich, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A213, 291 (1952).https://doi.org/PRLAAZ

  7. 7. F. London, Superfluids, Wiley, New York (1950).

  8. 8. For recent review articles with references, see the chapters by D. J. Scalapino and by W. L. McMillan and J. M. Rowell in Superconductivity (R. D. Parks, ed.), Dekker, New York (1969), volume 1.
    An excellent reference for the theory and earlier experimental work is J. R. Schrieffer, Superconductivity, Benjamin, New York (1964).
    The present lecture is based in part on a chapter by the author in Cooperative Phenomena (H. Haken, M. Wagner, eds.), to be published by Springer.

  9. 9. L. P. Gor’kov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 34, 735 (1958). https://doi.org/ZETFA7
    English trans, in L. P. Gor’kov, Sov. Phys.‐JETP 7, 505 (1958).https://doi.org/SPHJAR

  10. 10. L. P. Kadanoff, P. C. Martin, Phys. Rev. 124, 670 (1961).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  11. 11. A. B. Migdal, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 34, 1438 (1958). https://doi.org/ZETFA7
    English trans, in A. B. Migdal, Sov. Phys.‐JETP 7, 996 (1958).https://doi.org/SPHJAR

  12. 12. G. M. Eliashberg, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 38, 966 (1960). https://doi.org/ZETFA7
    English trans, in G. M. Eliashberg, Sov. Phys.‐JETP 11, 696 (1960).https://doi.org/SPHJAR

  13. 13. Y. Nambu, Phys. Rev. 117, 648 (1960).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  14. 14. J. Bardeen, Phys. Rev. 79, 167 (1950); https://doi.org/PHRVAO
    J. Bardeen, 80, 567 (1950); https://doi.org/PHRVAO , Phys. Rev.
    J. Bardeen, 81, 829 (1951).https://doi.org/PHRVAO , Phys. Rev.

  15. 15. J. Bardeen, Rev. Mod. Phys. 23, 261 (1951).https://doi.org/RMPHAT

  16. 16. M. R. Schafroth, Helv. Phys. Acta 24, 645 (1951); https://doi.org/HPACAK
    M. R. Schafroth, Nuovo Cimento 9, 291 (1952).https://doi.org/NUCIAD

  17. 17. J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, J. R. Schrieffer, Phys. Rev. 108, 1175 (1957).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  18. 18. For references, see the review article of M. A. Biondi, A. T. Forrester, M. B. Garfunkel, C. B. Satterthwaite, Rev. Mod. Phys. 30, 1109 (1958).https://doi.org/RMPHAT

  19. 19. A. B. Pippard, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A216, 547 (1953).https://doi.org/PRLAAZ

  20. 20. J. Bardeen, in Encyclopedia of Physics (S. Flügge, ed.) Springer‐Verlag, Berlin (1956), volume 15, page 274.

  21. 21. See N. N. Bogoliubov, V. V. Tolmachev, D. V. Shirkov, A New Method in the Theory of Superconductivity, Consultants Bureau, New York (1959).

  22. 22. P. Morel, P. W. Anderson, Phys. Rev. 125, 1263 (1962).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  23. 23. I. Giaever, Phys. Rev. Lett. 5, 147 (1960); https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    I. Giaever, 5, 464 (1960).https://doi.org/PRLTAO , Phys. Rev. Lett.

  24. 24. I. Giaever, H. R. Hart, K. Megerle, Phys. Rev. 126, 941 (1962).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  25. 25. J. M. Rowell, P. W. Anderson, D. E. Thomas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 334 (1963).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  26. 26. G. J. Culler, B. D. Fried, R. W. Huff, J. R. Schrieffer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 8, 339 (1962).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  27. 27. J. R. Schieffer, D. J. Scalapino, J. W. Wilkins, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 336 (1963); https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    D. J. Scalapino, J. R. Schrieffer, J. W. Wilkins, Phys. Rev. 148, 263 (1966).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  28. 28. D. J. Scalapino, Y. Wada, J. C. Swihart, Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 102 (1965); https://doi.org/PRLTAO
    D. J. Scalapino, Y. Wada, J. C. Swihart, 14, 106 (1965).https://doi.org/PRLTAO , Phys. Rev. Lett.

  29. 29. G. M. Eliashberg, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 43, 1005 (1962). https://doi.org/ZETFA7
    English trans, in Sov. Phys.‐JETP 16, 780 (1963).https://doi.org/SPHJAR

  30. 30. J. Bardeen, M. Stephen, Phys. Rev. 136, A1485 (1964).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  31. 31. W. L. McMillan, J. M. Rowell in reference 8.

  32. 32. L. F. Lou, W. J. Tomasch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 858 (1972).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  33. 33. L. Y. L. Shen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 1082 (1972).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

  34. 34. J. P. Carbotte, in Superconductivity (P. R. Wallace, ed.), Gordon and Breach, New York, (1969), volume 1, page 491;
    J. P. Carbotte, R. C. Dynes, Phys. Rev. 172, 476 (1968); https://doi.org/PHRVAO
    C. R. Leavens, J. P. Carbotte, Can. J. Phys. 49, 724 (1971).https://doi.org/CJPHAD

  35. 35. N. W. Ashcroft, Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 1748 (1968).https://doi.org/PRLTAO

More about the authors

John Bardeen, Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.

In These Collections
Related content
/
Article
Figuring out how to communicate with the public can be overwhelming. Here’s some advice for getting started.
/
Article
Amid growing investment in planetary-scale climate intervention strategies that alter sunlight reflection, global communities deserve inclusive and accountable oversight of research.
/
Article
Although motivated by the fundamental exploration of the weirdness of the quantum world, the prizewinning experiments have led to a promising branch of quantum computing technology.
/
Article
As conventional lithium-ion battery technology approaches its theoretical limits, researchers are studying alternative architectures with solid electrolytes.
This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1973_07.jpeg

Volume 26, Number 7

Get PT in your inbox

pt_newsletter_card_blue.png
PT The Week in Physics

A collection of PT's content from the previous week delivered every Monday.

pt_newsletter_card_darkblue.png
PT New Issue Alert

Be notified about the new issue with links to highlights and the full TOC.

pt_newsletter_card_pink.png
PT Webinars & White Papers

The latest webinars, white papers and other informational resources.

By signing up you agree to allow AIP to send you email newsletters. You further agree to our privacy policy and terms of service.