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Electron diffraction: fifty years ago

JAN 01, 1978
A look back at the experiment that established the wave nature of the electron, at the events that led up to the discovery, and at the principal investigators, Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer.

DOI: 10.1063/1.3001830

Richard K. Gehrenbeck

An article that appeared in the December 1927 issue of Physical Review, “Diffraction of Electrons by a Crystal of Nickel,” has been referred to in countless articles, monographs and textbooks as having established the wave nature of the electron—in principle, of all matter. Now, fifty years later, it is fitting to look back at the events that led up to this historical discovery and at the discoverers, Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer. Figure 1 shows them in their lab in 1927, together with their assistant Chester Calbick.

References

  1. 1. C. J. Davisson, L. H. Germer, Phys. Rev. 30, 705 (1927).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  2. 2. US Reports 283, 665 (1931).

  3. 3. C. J. Davisson, L. H. Germer, Phys. Rev. 15, 330 (1920).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  4. 4. C. J. Davisson, C. H. Kunsman, Science 54, 523 (1921).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  5. 5. M. Born, Nature 119, 354 (1927).https://doi.org/NATUAS

  6. 6. W. Elsasser, Naturwissenschaften 13, 711 (1925); https://doi.org/NATWAY
    E. G. Dymond, Nature 118, 336 (1926).https://doi.org/NATUAS

  7. 7. G. P. Thomson, A. Reid, Nature 119, 890 (1927).https://doi.org/NATUAS

  8. 8. C. J. Davisson, L. H. Germer, Nature 119, 558 (1927).https://doi.org/NATUAS

  9. 9. C. J. Davisson, Bell Lab. Record 4, 257 (1927).https://doi.org/BLRCAB

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  11. 11. C. Eckart, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 13, 460 (1927); https://doi.org/PNASA6
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  12. 12. L’Institut International de Physique Solvay, Electrons et Protons: Rapports et Discussions du Cinquieme Conseil de Physique, Gauthier‐Villars, Paris (1928), pages 92, 127, 165, 173, 274, 288.

  13. 13. N. Bohr, Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature, Macmillan, New York (1934), page 56; italics supplied.

  14. 14. M. Planck, J. Franklin Inst. 204, 13 (1927).https://doi.org/JFINAB

  15. 15. G. P. Thomson, The Inspiration of Science, Oxford U.P., London (1961);
    reprinted by Doubleday, Garden City, New York (1968) page 163.

  16. 16. C. J. Davisson, L. H. Germer, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 14, 317 (1928); https://doi.org/PNASA6
    C. J. Davisson, L. H. Germer, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 14, 619 (1928); https://doi.org/PNASA6
    C. J. Davisson, L. H. Germer, Phys. Rev. 33, 760 (1929).https://doi.org/PHRVAO

  17. 17. A. U. MacRae, Science 139, 379 (1963).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  18. 18. W. Ehrenberg, Philosoph. Mag. 18, 878 (1934).https://doi.org/PHMAA4

More about the Authors

Richard K. Gehrenbeck. Rhode Island College, Providence, Rhode Island.

This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1978_01.jpeg

Volume 31, Number 1

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