Discover
/
Article

A theory of social imitation

JUL 01, 1974
Fish aligned in their schools, fireflies flashing in unison, and even humans following the dictates of fashion are examples of ordered systems to which we can apply ferromagnet theory.

DOI: 10.1063/1.3128690

Earl Callen
Don Shapero

Buridan, the French religious philosopher, is credited (probably falsely) with describing an ass standing midway between two identical bales of hay: Being French, and therefore cool and logical, the ass starved to death, because there was no way to decide which bale to eat first. Only philosophical asses behave in that way. Animals, like magnets, break symmetry, especially animals in groups. We shall discuss some examples of such antisymmetric behavior and see whether it can be described quantitatively, similarly to the way we describe magnetism.

References

  1. 1. J. E. Morrow, Quart. Rev. Biol. 23, 27 (1948).

  2. 2. J. R. Hunter, Animal Behavior 17, 507 (1969).

  3. 3. I. Harary, Scientific American 206, 141 (1962).https://doi.org/SCAMAC

  4. 4. J. Buck, E. Buck, Science 159, 1319 (1968); https://doi.org/SCIEAS
    F. E. Hanson, J. F. Case, E. Buck, J. Buck, Science 174, 161 (1971).https://doi.org/SCIEAS

  5. 5. E. Kaempfer, The History of Japan (with a description of the Kingdom of Siam), posthumous translation (Sloane, London, 1727;
    or reprint by McLehose, Glasgow, 1906).

  6. 6. G. Williams, Adaptation and Natural Selection, Princeton U.P. (1966) pages 212–218.

  7. 7. C. Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, 2nd ed., London, Office of the National Illustrated Library, 1852.

  8. 8. A. J. Lotka, Elements of Physical Biology, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins (1925);
    E. Callen, D. Shapero, “Imitation Theory: Two State and Three State Systems,” J. Math. Psychology (submitted).

  9. 9. M. O. Scully, W. E. Lamb, Jr, Phys. Rev. 159, 208 (1967); https://doi.org/PHRVAO
    V. DeGiorgio, M. O. Scully, Phys. Rev. A2, 1170 (1970).https://doi.org/PLRAAN

  10. 10. W. Weidlich, Brit. J. Math. Statist. Psychol. 24, 251 (1971).

  11. 11. E. Callen, M. Scully, D. Shapero, “Imitation Theory—The Study of Cooperative Social Phenomena,” J. Math. Psychology (submitted).

  12. 12. B. B. Fulton, J. E. Mitchel, Sci. Soc. 50, 263 (1934);
    M. D. R. Jones, J. Exp. Biol. 45, 15 (1966).https://doi.org/JEBIAM

More about the Authors

Earl Callen. American University, Washington, D.C..

Don Shapero. Catholic University, Washington, D.C..

This Content Appeared In
pt-cover_1974_07.jpeg

Volume 27, Number 7

Related content
/
Article
Technical knowledge and skills are only some of the considerations that managers have when hiring physical scientists. Soft skills, in particular communication, are also high on the list.
/
Article
Professional societies can foster a sense of belonging and offer early-career scientists opportunities to give back to their community.
/
Article
Interviews offer a glimpse of how physicists get into—and thrive in—myriad nonacademic careers.
/
Article
Research exchanges between US and Soviet scientists during the second half of the 20th century may be instructive for navigating today’s debates on scientific collaboration.

Get PT in your inbox

Physics Today - The Week in Physics

The Week in Physics" is likely a reference to the regular updates or summaries of new physics research, such as those found in publications like Physics Today from AIP Publishing or on news aggregators like Phys.org.

Physics Today - Table of Contents
Physics Today - Whitepapers & Webinars
By signing up you agree to allow AIP to send you email newsletters. You further agree to our privacy policy and terms of service.